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Terms in this set (249)
key sources of evidence human remains, ancient pharmacopeias, chemical
about health and medicine traces
in early history
Why are archaeological They provide physical evidence of medical tools,
findings valuable for remains, and practices
studying early medicine
What are the four humors Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile
in ancient Western
medicine
How was illness explained Imbalance of humors in the body
in humoral theory
Aggressive treatments like bloodletting, purging, and
What is "heroic medicine"
extreme interventions
What are the key Observation, hypothesis, testing, analysis,
components of the modification
scientific method
Gaining knowledge through reason rather than
What is rationalism
tradition
What is inductivism Developing laws from repeated observations
What is empiricism Knowledge built from observation and experience
, What are common errors Bias, poor controls, lack of replication, incorrect
in scientific inquiry assumptions
How did the Industrial Advances in chemistry, mass manufacturing,
Revolution contribute to microscopes, and scientific institutions
pharmacology
In what ways can a drug Symptom relief, cure, placebo effect, cultural
be considered 'effective' perception
What are plant sources of Leaves, roots, seeds, herbs
ancient drugs
What are non-plant Minerals, animal products
sources of ancient
medicines
A written document listing medicinal substances and
What is a pharmacopeia
recipes
Study of drugs and their interactions with living
What is pharmacology
systems
Pharmacokinetics what the body does to a drug
Pharmacodynamics what the drug does to the body
What are the three types Chemical, generic, brand
of drug names
Absorption Movement of drug from administration site to blood.
Distribution Reversible movement between blood and tissues.
Metabolism Chemical modification of drugs (mainly in liver).
Excretion Removal of drugs/metabolites (mainly via kidneys).
What is first-pass Drug breakdown in liver/gut before reaching systemic
metabolism circulation from orally taken drugs
What are the four major Receptors, ion channels, enzymes, transporters.
drug target types
What is drug affinity Strength of drug binding to its target