NU160/NU 160 Exam 3 Version 2 (2026–2027 Update) Mental Health Concepts | Complete Questions & Answers | Verified Accurate Solutions | Grade A – Galen

…..DLDD NU160/NU 160 Exam 3 Version 2 (2026–2027 Update) Mental Health Concepts | Complete Questions & Answers | Verified Accurate Solutions | Grade A – Galen Q. Stage 1 Illness experience: Symptoms Answer begins when a person becomes aware that something is not right (may self-medicate, pray or meditate, ignore mild symptoms) Q. …..DLDD NU160/NU 160 Exam 3 Version 2 (2026–2027 Update) Mental Health Concepts | Complete Questions & Answers | Verified Accurate Solutions | Grade A – Galen Q. Stage 1 Illness experience: Symptoms Answer begins when a person becomes aware that something is not right (may self-medicate, pray or meditate, ignore mild symptoms) Q. Stage 2 illness experience: The sick role Answer Sickness is confirmed through others (social group helps support presents of illness, individual either assumes sick role or deny illness Q. Stage 3 illness experience: Medical care Answer Seeks medical care when symptoms persist, and home remedies fail. Provider confirms illness and provides tx Q. Stage 4 illness experience: Dependency Answer Must rely on others, need to be informed and emotionally supported Q. Stage 5 illness experience: Recovery and rehabilitation Answer Gives up sick role, returns to normal obligations and duties. can be fast or slow Q. What is a situational crisis? Answer a sudden event that a person cannot handle with their usual coping skills Q. Situational Crisis Answer pt is removed from familiar environment, cared for by strangers, and in a not personal setting---- leads to feelings of loss control, dependence and vulnerability Q. Nursing implications for a situational crisis Answer promote autonomy, explain procedures, allow decision making Q. Stages of hospitalization (hint: FSA) Answer Feeling overwhelmed (anxiety, fear, confusion) Stabilization (anxiety decreases, starts to build trust in staff and understands routines) Adaptation (develops coping strats, adjust to environment, helps in care) Q. therapeutic interventions: psychosocial care Answer Assess coping status ("how are you handling this?" "How do you usually cope?") Crisis assessment (is pt panicking, withdrawn, angry or unsafe?) Active listening (let pt talk without interrupting) Accepting environment (Non-judgmental, calm respective tone) Real-world example: A newly admitted psych patient is pacing and agitated → nurse listens, validates feelings, keeps environment calm. Q. Therapeutic interventions: supporting S/O Answer Family has a big impact on outcome/success of pt, provide education and emotional support. Assess their coping ability as well. Example: A spouse is overwhelmed about caring for a patient at home → nurse teaches care skills and offers reassurance. Q. Therapeutic interventions: Pain management Answer Use non pharm techniques (Heat/cold, positioning, relaxation/music) Example: Patient refuses pain meds → nurse offers repositioning + deep breathing. Q. Therapeutic Interventions: Discharge planning Answer -Identify needs early -Teach in clear simple terms -Address new anxieties before discharge Q. What is compensation? Answer Attempt to overcome feeling of inferiority or make up for e deficiency. (Making up for a weakness by being strong in another area) Example: A client who failed nursing school becomes an excellent volunteer tutor. Q. What is conversion? Answer Channeling of unbearable into body s/s (Emotional stress turns into physical symptoms) Example: A client experiences sudden blindness after witnessing a traumatic event, but tests are normal. Q. What is denial? Answer Refusal to acknowledge conflict and thus escapes the situation (refusing to accept reality) Example: A client with lung cancer continues to say, "The doctors are wrong." Q. What is displacement? Answer Redirecting energies to another person or object (taking anger out on the wrong target) Example: A client yells at the nurse after receiving bad news from the provider. Q. What is dissociation? Answer Separation of emotions from situation; isolation of painful anxieties (Mentally checking out from trauma) Example: A trauma victim says, "It feels like it happened to someone else." Q. What is fantasy? Answer Distortion of unacceptable wishes, behaviors (Escaping reality through imagination) Example: A hospitalized child pretends to be a superhero to cope with fear. Q. What is identification? Answer Taking on characteristics of admired person to conceal feeling of inadequacy (acting like someone you admire to feel stronger) Example: A child imitates a favorite nurse during treatment. What is intellectualization? Focusing of attention on technical or logical aspects of a threatening situation (Focusing on facts instead of feelings) Example: A newly diagnosed cancer patient talks only about lab values, not emotions. What is isolation? separation of feelings from content to cope unemotionally with topics that would normally be overwhelming. (Separate feelings with events) Example: A client calmly describes a traumatic accident with no emotion. What is projection? putting one's own unacceptable thoughts, wishes, emotions onto others. (blaming others for your own feelings) Example: A client who is angry says, "The nurse hates me." What is rationalization? Use of a "good" (but not real) reason to explain behavior to make unacceptable motivation more acceptable. (making excuses to justify behavior) Example: A client says, "I drink because my job is stressful." What is reaction formation? Prevention of expression of threatening material by engaging in behaviors that are directly opposite to Repressed material (Acting the opposite of true feelings) Example: A client who dislikes someone is overly nice to them What is regression? Coping with present conflict stress, by returning to earlier more secure stage of life (Reverting to childlike behavior under stress) Example: An adult client begins crying and refuses to make decisions What is restitution? Giving back to resolve guilty feelings (Trying to make up for guilt) Example: Client brings gift after being rude to staff What is sublimination? Unconscious channeling of an unacceptable behaviors into constructive, more social approved areas (channeling bad feelings into good actions) Example: A client with anger issues takes up boxing or running What is substitution? Disguising of motivations by replacing an inappropriate behavior with one that is more acceptable (replacing an unacceptable action with a safer one) Example: a client chews on gum instead of smoking What is suppression? Removal of conflict by removing anxiety from consciousness (choosing to ignore stress for now) Example: A client says, "I'll think about my diagnosis later" What is symbolization? Use of unrelated object to represent a hidden idea (Using objects to represent emotions) Example: client dreams of storms to represent anger What is undoing? Inappropriate behavior that is followed by acts to take away or reverse action and decrease guilt and anxiety (trying to erase bad behavior) Example: a client apologizes excessively after yelling What is Separation Anxiety Disorders? inappropriately fearful and anxious when separated form an important person or object. It is long lasting, and they have extreme reactions. What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder Anxiety is broad, long- lasting, and excessive. worried and anxious more often than not What is panic disorder? Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks plus a fear of having another one --- the fear is what drives the behavior. Pt will not avoid public places; fear is just the panic attack itself not the location. S/S: Palpations, SOB, chest pain, dizziness, fear of dying What is panic disorder with agoraphobia? Fear of having a panic attack in public, where escape might be difficult or embarrassing. Pt will fear public locations. “I’m afraid I’ll have a panic attack and won’t be able to get out.” That = agoraphobia Treatment of Panic Disorders w/ or w/o agoraphobia 1. Educate the pt -- panic attacks are not life threatening 2. Block panic attacks with meds -- SSRIs, SNRIs, benzos (short term) 3. Develop coping skills -- relaxation, breathing, grounding, CBT (helps change catastrophic thinking, works long term) What makes Phobia different from normal fears? -out of proportion -persistent -interferes with life -client knows its irrational but can't control it anxiety happens when thinking about it, constant focus on fear object, avoidance instead of coping, varies by culture What is selective mutism? PEDS FAV Child can speak, chooses when not to. Child will speak at home but silent to strangers. Do NOT force speech, encourage non-verbal communication, build trust gradually What is OCD? Obsessions cause anxiety, Compulsions reduce it. Obsessions of germs, dirt, harm or safety concerns, order, symmetry, aggressive or sexual intrusive thoughts. Compulsions of hand washing, checking, counting, arranging items. What is Body Dysmorphia? Flaw is perceived, not real (or very minor) -Obsessed with perceived flaw in body -Distress interferes with daily life and relationships -preoccupied with physical appearance What is hoarding disorder? difficulty throwing things away Home becomes dirty, cluttered, unsafe, unusable What is trichotillomania? compulsive hair pulling despite efforts to stop -relieves tension -pulls from scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows -attempt to stop fails -relieves tension for pt What is a Traumatic stress reduction? A normal, immediate emotional and behavioral response following a traumatic event What are the stages of a Traumatic stress reaction? Fear and anguish--Recovery and repair --Adaptation What is acute stress disorder? A short-term trauma response involving anxiety and reliving the event lasting 3-days to less than 1 month How is acute stress disorder different from PTSD? Acute stress disorder last less than 1 month; PTSD last longer than 1 month What is adjustment disorder? Emotional or behavioral symptoms that are out of proportion to a life stressor What type of event causes adjustment disorders Non-life- threatening stressors such as divorce, job loss, or relocation What defines post-traumatic stress disorder? Persistent re-living of trauma with anxiety, nightmares, and avoidance lasting longer than 1 month Nursing focus for PTSD? Safety, grounding techniques, trauma-informed care Which disorder involves flashbacks and nightmares years after trauma? PTSD Which disorder is considered a normal response to trauma? Traumatic stress reaction What is the most important distinguishing factor among trauma disorders? duration of symptoms What meds are used to treat anxiety? Benzos, SSRIs, SNRI, Buspirone, beta- blockers, Antihistamine, Anxiolytics which meds are used short term for anxiety benzos Examples of Benzodiazepines Lorazepam alprazolam what is the major risk when taking benzos? dependence and CNS depression first line of meds for chronic anxiety disorders SSRIs, SNRIs How long do SSRI take to work? 2-4 weeks Which anti-anxiety med is non-sedating and non-addictive Buspirone Assessment Subjective: -Feelings of uneasiness, fear, helplessness Objective: -Restlessness, muscle tension, tachycardia Determine level of anxiety: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Panic Nursing diagnosis Anxiety, ineffective coping, Fear, disturbed thought process, impaired social interaction Planning Reduce anxiety to a manageable level, improve coping skills, increase sense of control Interventions -Use simple, clear communication -Stay with patient during severe or panic anxiety -Encourage verbalization of feelings -Teach relaxation techniques (deep breathing, grounding) -Administer medications as ordered Evaluation -Anxiety level decreased -Patient demonstrates coping strategies -Improved functioning What is social phobia? -Fear of embarrassment or scrutiny -Avoid social situations -Anxiety only occurs in social situations Nursing Focus for Social Phobia? Gradual exposure, Cognitive restructuring, social skills training suicide rates for____ are the highest for any age group elderly men Social factors associated with suicide attempts: There are two interpersonal social factors we talked about. Name them perceived burdensomeness thwarted belonging _____ have higher rates of suicidal thoughts and attempts but _____ tend to have death from suicide more frequently by more lethal means women men (not in word bank) What three factors are used in the evaluation of suicide ideation plan, intent, and means T or F: most people with anorexia know they are under weight false weighed 82 lbs at 5ft 7 in anerexia in contrast___ is an eating disorder in which episodes of loss of control, eating, then purging (correct) bulimia which statements are true of binge eating disorder: feeling of loss of control distress over episodes body dysmorphia use of compensatory behaviors feeling of loss of control distress over episodes How does a cog behavioral modal apply anorexia: open ended thoughts: i weigh to much emotion: depression anger stress behaviors: restricting, what is the most commonly abused substance in the us alcohol ______ is a compulsive drug seeking behavior and loss of control over drug use additiction _____ is decreases in effects of substances after chronic use tolerance After heavy or substance use in a substance, redaction end or abstinence of the substance can result in_____ symptoms withdraw T or F: tolerance and withdraw are necessary symptoms to meet criteria for substance abuse disorder false symptoms of schizophrenia fall into 4 categorizes: what categorizes of symptoms involves hallucination, delusions, disordered thinking, incoherent thinking, etc. 2. disorganized thinking communication and speech 3. involved catatonia , peculiar body movement, loud laughter 4. decreases ability to initiate actions or speech, express emotions, or feel pleasure 1. positive symptoms 2. cognitive 3. psychomotor abnormalities 4. negative symptoms ____ false personal beliefs that are consistently held despite evidence or logic delusions ____ sensory experience such as images, sound, smell or taste that seem real but do not exist outside the mind hallucinations when teaching schizophrenia patients how to make a to do list. we tell patients to make a nice todo vs a need to do list. Provide examples of each nice to do: getting a snack Need: drink water, eating, getting medication bonus: from substance use disorder ch did not tell us what it is : The sick role Answer Sickness is confirmed through others (social group helps support presents of illness, individual either assumes sick role or deny illness Q. Stage 3 illness experience: Medical care Answer Seeks medical care when symptoms persist, and home remedies fail. Provider confirms illness and provides tx Q. Stage 4 illness experience: Dependency Answer Must rely on others, need to be informed and emotionally supported Q. Stage 5 illness experience: Recovery and rehabilitation Answer Gives up sick role, returns to normal obligations and duties. can be fast or slow Q. What is a situational crisis? Answer a sudden event that a person cannot handle with their usual coping skills Q. Situational Crisis Answer pt is removed from familiar environment, cared for by strangers, and in a not personal setting---- leads to feelings of loss control, dependence and vulnerability Q. Nursing implications for a situational crisis Answer promote autonomy, explain procedures, allow decision making Q. Stages of hospitalization (hint: FSA) Answer Feeling overwhelmed (anxiety, fear, confusion) Stabilization (anxiety decreases, starts to build trust in staff and understands routines) Adaptation (develops coping strats, adjust to environment, helps in care) Q. therapeutic interventions: psychosocial care Answer Assess coping status ("how are you handling this?" "How do you usually cope?") Crisis assessment (is pt panicking, withdrawn, angry or unsafe?) Active listening (let pt talk without interrupting) Accepting environment (Non-judgmental, calm respective tone) Real-world example: A newly admitted psych patient is pacing and agitated → nurse listens, validates feelings, keeps environment calm. Q. Therapeutic interventions: supporting S/O Answer Family has a big impact on outcome/success of pt, provide education and emotional support. Assess their coping ability as well. Example: A spouse is overwhelmed about caring for a patient at home → nurse teaches care skills and offers reassurance. Q. Therapeutic interventions: Pain management Answer Use non pharm techniques (Heat/cold, positioning, relaxation/music) Example: Patient refuses pain meds → nurse offers repositioning + deep breathing. Q. Therapeutic Interventions: Discharge planning Answer -Identify needs early -Teach in clear simple terms -Address new anxieties before discharge Q. What is compensation? Answer Attempt to overcome feeling of inferiority or make up for e deficiency. (Making up for a weakness by being strong in another area) Example: A client who failed nursing school becomes an excellent volunteer tutor. Q. What is conversion? Answer Channeling of unbearable into body s/s (Emotional stress turns into physical symptoms) Example: A client experiences sudden blindness after witnessing a traumatic event, but tests are normal. Q. What is denial? Answer Refusal to acknowledge conflict and thus escapes the situation (refusing to accept reality) Example: A client with lung cancer continues to say, "The doctors are wrong." Q. What is displacement? Answer Redirecting energies to another person or object (taking anger out on the wrong target) Example: A client yells at the nurse after receiving bad news from the provider. Q. What is dissociation? Answer Separation of emotions from situation; isolation of painful anxieties (Mentally checking out from trauma) Example: A trauma victim says, "It feels like it happened to someone else." Q. What is fantasy? Answer Distortion of unacceptable wishes, behaviors (Escaping reality through imagination) Example: A hospitalized child pretends to be a superhero to cope with fear. Q. What is identification? Answer Taking on characteristics of admired person to conceal feeling of inadequacy (acting like someone you admire to feel stronger) Example: A child imitates a favorite nurse during treatment. What is intellectualization? Focusing of attention on technical or logical aspects of a threatening situation (Focusing on facts instead of feelings) Example: A newly diagnosed cancer patient talks only about lab values, not emotions. What is isolation? separation of feelings from content to cope unemotionally with topics that would normally be overwhelming. (Separate feelings with events) Example: A client calmly describes a traumatic accident with no emotion. What is projection? putting one's own unacceptable thoughts, wishes, emotions onto others. (blaming others for your own feelings) Example: A client who is angry says, "The nurse hates me." What is rationalization? Use of a "good" (but not real) reason to explain behavior to make unacceptable motivation more acceptable. (making excuses to justify behavior) Example: A client says, "I drink because my job is stressful." What is reaction formation? Prevention of expression of threatening material by engaging in behaviors that are directly opposite to Repressed material (Acting the opposite of true feelings) Example: A client who dislikes someone is overly nice to them What is regression? Coping with present conflict stress, by returning to earlier more secure stage of life (Reverting to childlike behavior under stress) Example: An adult client begins crying and refuses to make decisions What is restitution? Giving back to resolve guilty feelings (Trying to make up for guilt) Example: Client brings gift after being rude to staff What is sublimination? Unconscious channeling of an unacceptable behaviors into constructive, more social approved areas (channeling bad feelings into good actions) Example: A client with anger issues takes up boxing or running What is substitution? Disguising of motivations by replacing an inappropriate behavior with one that is more acceptable (replacing an unacceptable action with a safer one) Example: a client chews on gum instead of smoking What is suppression? Removal of conflict by removing anxiety from consciousness (choosing to ignore stress for now) Example: A client says, "I'll think about my diagnosis later" What is symbolization? Use of unrelated object to represent a hidden idea (Using objects to represent emotions) Example: client dreams of storms to represent anger What is undoing? Inappropriate behavior that is followed by acts to take away or reverse action and decrease guilt and anxiety (trying to erase bad behavior) Example: a client apologizes excessively after yelling What is Separation Anxiety Disorders? inappropriately fearful and anxious when separated form an important person or object. It is long lasting, and they have extreme reactions. What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder Anxiety is broad, long- lasting, and excessive. worried and anxious more often than not What is panic disorder? Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks plus a fear of having another one --- the fear is what drives the behavior. Pt will not avoid public places; fear is just the panic attack itself not the location. S/S: Palpations, SOB, chest pain, dizziness, fear of dying What is panic disorder with agoraphobia? Fear of having a panic attack in public, where escape might be difficult or embarrassing. Pt will fear public locations. “I’m afraid I’ll have a panic attack and won’t be able to get out.” That = agoraphobia Treatment of Panic Disorders w/ or w/o agoraphobia 1. Educate the pt -- panic attacks are not life threatening 2. Block panic attacks with meds -- SSRIs, SNRIs, benzos (short term) 3. Develop coping skills -- relaxation, breathing, grounding, CBT (helps change catastrophic thinking, works long term) What makes Phobia different from normal fears? -out of proportion -persistent -interferes with life -client knows its irrational but can't control it anxiety happens when thinking about it, constant focus on fear object, avoidance instead of coping, varies by culture What is selective mutism? PEDS FAV Child can speak, chooses when not to. Child will speak at home but silent to strangers. Do NOT force speech, encourage non-verbal communication, build trust gradually What is OCD? Obsessions cause anxiety, Compulsions reduce it. Obsessions of germs, dirt, harm or safety concerns, order, symmetry, aggressive or sexual intrusive thoughts. Compulsions of hand washing, checking, counting, arranging items. What is Body Dysmorphia? Flaw is perceived, not real (or very minor) -Obsessed with perceived flaw in body -Distress interferes with daily life and relationships -preoccupied with physical appearance What is hoarding disorder? difficulty throwing things away Home becomes dirty, cluttered, unsafe, unusable What is trichotillomania? compulsive hair pulling despite efforts to stop -relieves tension -pulls from scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows -attempt to stop fails -relieves tension for pt What is a Traumatic stress reduction? A normal, immediate emotional and behavioral response following a traumatic event What are the stages of a Traumatic stress reaction? Fear and anguish--Recovery and repair --Adaptation What is acute stress disorder? A short-term trauma response involving anxiety and reliving the event lasting 3-days to less than 1 month How is acute stress disorder different from PTSD? Acute stress disorder last less than 1 month; PTSD last longer than 1 month What is adjustment disorder? Emotional or behavioral symptoms that are out of proportion to a life stressor What type of event causes adjustment disorders Non-life- threatening stressors such as divorce, job loss, or relocation What defines post-traumatic stress disorder? Persistent re-living of trauma with anxiety, nightmares, and avoidance lasting longer than 1 month Nursing focus for PTSD? Safety, grounding techniques, trauma-informed care Which disorder involves flashbacks and nightmares years after trauma? PTSD Which disorder is considered a normal response to trauma? Traumatic stress reaction What is the most important distinguishing factor among trauma disorders? duration of symptoms What meds are used to treat anxiety? Benzos, SSRIs, SNRI, Buspirone, beta- blockers, Antihistamine, Anxiolytics which meds are used short term for anxiety benzos Examples of Benzodiazepines Lorazepam alprazolam what is the major risk when taking benzos? dependence and CNS depression first line of meds for chronic anxiety disorders SSRIs, SNRIs How long do SSRI take to work? 2-4 weeks Which anti-anxiety med is non-sedating and non-addictive Buspirone Assessment Subjective: -Feelings of uneasiness, fear, helplessness Objective: -Restlessness, muscle tension, tachycardia Determine level of anxiety: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Panic Nursing diagnosis Anxiety, ineffective coping, Fear, disturbed thought process, impaired social interaction Planning Reduce anxiety to a manageable level, improve coping skills, increase sense of control Interventions -Use simple, clear communication -Stay with patient during severe or panic anxiety -Encourage verbalization of feelings -Teach relaxation techniques (deep breathing, grounding) -Administer medications as ordered Evaluation -Anxiety level decreased -Patient demonstrates coping strategies -Improved functioning What is social phobia? -Fear of embarrassment or scrutiny -Avoid social situations -Anxiety only occurs in social situations Nursing Focus for Social Phobia? Gradual exposure, Cognitive restructuring, social skills training suicide rates for____ are the highest for any age group elderly men Social factors associated with suicide attempts: There are two interpersonal social factors we talked about. Name them perceived burdensomeness thwarted belonging _____ have higher rates of suicidal thoughts and attempts but _____ tend to have death from suicide more frequently by more lethal means women men (not in word bank) What three factors are used in the evaluation of suicide ideation plan, intent, and means T or F: most people with anorexia know they are under weight false weighed 82 lbs at 5ft 7 in anerexia in contrast___ is an eating disorder in which episodes of loss of control, eating, then purging (correct) bulimia which statements are true of binge eating disorder: feeling of loss of control distress over episodes body dysmorphia use of compensatory behaviors feeling of loss of control distress over episodes How does a cog behavioral modal apply anorexia: open ended thoughts: i weigh to much emotion: depression anger stress behaviors: restricting, what is the most commonly abused substance in the us alcohol ______ is a compulsive drug seeking behavior and loss of control over drug use additiction _____ is decreases in effects of substances after chronic use tolerance After heavy or substance use in a substance, redaction end or abstinence of the substance can result in_____ symptoms withdraw T or F: tolerance and withdraw are necessary symptoms to meet criteria for substance abuse disorder false symptoms of schizophrenia fall into 4 categorizes: what categorizes of symptoms involves hallucination, delusions, disordered thinking, incoherent thinking, etc. 2. disorganized thinking communication and speech 3. involved catatonia , peculiar body movement, loud laughter 4. decreases ability to initiate actions or speech, express emotions, or feel pleasure 1. positive symptoms 2. cognitive 3. psychomotor abnormalities 4. negative symptoms ____ false personal beliefs that are consistently held despite evidence or logic delusions ____ sensory experience such as images, sound, smell or taste that seem real but do not exist outside the mind hallucinations when teaching schizophrenia patients how to make a to do list. we tell patients to make a nice todo vs a need to do list. Provide examples of each nice to do: getting a snack Need: drink water, eating, getting medication bonus: from substance use disorder ch did not tell us what it is