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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 2026 REAL
QUESTIONS WITH EXPERTLY VERIFIED
ANSWERS.
How does metaplasia differ from atrophy, hypertrophy, and
hyperplasia? - correct answer -reversible replacement of one
mature cell by another cell
allows for replacement with cells that are better able to tolerate
environmental stresses
When does metaplasia occur? - correct answer -smoking
replacement of normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial (airway) lining by stratified squamous epithelial cells
replacement of ciliated epithelial cells in trachea with non-ciliated
cells, airway not protected
Where does dysplasia occur? - correct answer -cervix
respiratory tract
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epithelia tissue of cervix
What is dysplasia associated with? - correct answer -malignancy
neoplastic growths
strong indicator of development of breast cancer
often found adjacent to cancerous cells
Mechanisms of Cellular Injury - correct answer -hypoxia
chemical
infectious
immunologic & inflammatory
nutritional imbalances
physical agents
What is the most common cause of hypoxia? - correct answer -
ischemia: reduction of blood flow
caused by arteriosclerosis (narrowing of arteries/harden arteries)
or thrombosis (blockage by blood clots)
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Dry gangrene - correct answer -skin shrinks, dry wrinkled, black to
brown
skin is atrophied and crackled, occurs in the extremities, looks like
prune
Wet gangrene - correct answer -neutophils (WBC) invade -
usually internal organs which become cold, swollen and black
slimy, worse odor, occurs in internal organ, bacterial infection with
invasion of neutrophils, cold, swollen, black
Angiogenesis - correct answer -The development of new
capillaries
Anemia - correct answer -A decrease in circulating hemoglobin
and oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood because of decreased
erythrocyte production, decreased hemoglobin production,
excessive hemolysis, or loss of blood
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Antineoplastic - correct answer -A substance or process that
destroys neoplastic cells
Leukopenia - correct answer -A decreased number of leukocytes
in the blood
Metastasis - correct answer -Spread of cancer cells to distant
sites by the blood or lymphatics; secondary malignant tumor
Thrombocytopenia - correct answer -Abnormally low number of
thrombocytes or platelets
Clinical indicators of inflammation include all of the following: -
correct answer -1) Heat
2) Redness
3) Tenderness
4) Swelling
5) Pain
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 2026 REAL
QUESTIONS WITH EXPERTLY VERIFIED
ANSWERS.
How does metaplasia differ from atrophy, hypertrophy, and
hyperplasia? - correct answer -reversible replacement of one
mature cell by another cell
allows for replacement with cells that are better able to tolerate
environmental stresses
When does metaplasia occur? - correct answer -smoking
replacement of normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial (airway) lining by stratified squamous epithelial cells
replacement of ciliated epithelial cells in trachea with non-ciliated
cells, airway not protected
Where does dysplasia occur? - correct answer -cervix
respiratory tract
, Page | 2
epithelia tissue of cervix
What is dysplasia associated with? - correct answer -malignancy
neoplastic growths
strong indicator of development of breast cancer
often found adjacent to cancerous cells
Mechanisms of Cellular Injury - correct answer -hypoxia
chemical
infectious
immunologic & inflammatory
nutritional imbalances
physical agents
What is the most common cause of hypoxia? - correct answer -
ischemia: reduction of blood flow
caused by arteriosclerosis (narrowing of arteries/harden arteries)
or thrombosis (blockage by blood clots)
, Page | 3
Dry gangrene - correct answer -skin shrinks, dry wrinkled, black to
brown
skin is atrophied and crackled, occurs in the extremities, looks like
prune
Wet gangrene - correct answer -neutophils (WBC) invade -
usually internal organs which become cold, swollen and black
slimy, worse odor, occurs in internal organ, bacterial infection with
invasion of neutrophils, cold, swollen, black
Angiogenesis - correct answer -The development of new
capillaries
Anemia - correct answer -A decrease in circulating hemoglobin
and oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood because of decreased
erythrocyte production, decreased hemoglobin production,
excessive hemolysis, or loss of blood
, Page | 4
Antineoplastic - correct answer -A substance or process that
destroys neoplastic cells
Leukopenia - correct answer -A decreased number of leukocytes
in the blood
Metastasis - correct answer -Spread of cancer cells to distant
sites by the blood or lymphatics; secondary malignant tumor
Thrombocytopenia - correct answer -Abnormally low number of
thrombocytes or platelets
Clinical indicators of inflammation include all of the following: -
correct answer -1) Heat
2) Redness
3) Tenderness
4) Swelling
5) Pain
