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PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
1 2026 REAL QUESTIONS WITH EXPERTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Define tertiary prevention and give an example: - correct answer -
Tertiary prevention occurs after a disease has been diagnosed
and clinical intervention is needed to reduce complications or
deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one
must take after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future
event or death.
Explain apoptosis and why it is necessary: - correct answer -
Apoptosis is programmed cell death. This process eliminates cells
that are worn out, have been produced in excess, have developed
improperly, or have genetic damage. Apoptosis is also
responsible for several normal physiologic processes, like
replacing cell in the intestinal villi and removing aging red blood
cells.
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of
one type of necrosis. - correct answer -Necrosis refers to cell
death in an organ or tissues that is still part of a living person. It
often interferes with cell replacement and tissue regeneration.
Coagulative necrosis results most often from a sudden cutoff of
blood supply to an organ (ischemia), particularly the heart and
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kidney. Liquefactive necrosis occurs when some of the cells die
but their catalytic enzymes are not destroyed. It is commonly seen
with brain infarcts or abscesses. Caseous necrosis occurs as part
of granulomatous inflammation and is most often associated with
tuberculosis.
Gangrenous necrosis most often affects the lower extremities or
bowel and is secondary to vascular occlusion. The term gangrene
is applied when a considerable mass of tissue undergoes
necrosis. In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and
shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown or
black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off
in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In
wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless.
The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the
surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial
action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Match the type of cell injury to the cause. Some answer may be
used more than once. - correct answer -Know causes of cell
injury: physical agents, radiation, chemical injury, biologic agents,
nutritional imbalances, free radical injury, hypoxic cell injury
and know examples of each type
PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
1 2026 REAL QUESTIONS WITH EXPERTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Define tertiary prevention and give an example: - correct answer -
Tertiary prevention occurs after a disease has been diagnosed
and clinical intervention is needed to reduce complications or
deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one
must take after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future
event or death.
Explain apoptosis and why it is necessary: - correct answer -
Apoptosis is programmed cell death. This process eliminates cells
that are worn out, have been produced in excess, have developed
improperly, or have genetic damage. Apoptosis is also
responsible for several normal physiologic processes, like
replacing cell in the intestinal villi and removing aging red blood
cells.
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of
one type of necrosis. - correct answer -Necrosis refers to cell
death in an organ or tissues that is still part of a living person. It
often interferes with cell replacement and tissue regeneration.
Coagulative necrosis results most often from a sudden cutoff of
blood supply to an organ (ischemia), particularly the heart and
, Page | 2
kidney. Liquefactive necrosis occurs when some of the cells die
but their catalytic enzymes are not destroyed. It is commonly seen
with brain infarcts or abscesses. Caseous necrosis occurs as part
of granulomatous inflammation and is most often associated with
tuberculosis.
Gangrenous necrosis most often affects the lower extremities or
bowel and is secondary to vascular occlusion. The term gangrene
is applied when a considerable mass of tissue undergoes
necrosis. In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and
shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown or
black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off
in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In
wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless.
The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the
surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial
action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Match the type of cell injury to the cause. Some answer may be
used more than once. - correct answer -Know causes of cell
injury: physical agents, radiation, chemical injury, biologic agents,
nutritional imbalances, free radical injury, hypoxic cell injury
and know examples of each type
