NUR242 Exam 2 Galen college of nursing verified
with correct answers 2026 version
Causes of fluid overload - correct answer>>>•Excessive fluid
replacement
•Kidney failure (late phase)
•Heart failure
•Long term corticosteroid therapy
•Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
•Psychiatric disorders with polydipsia
•Water intoxication
s/s fluid overload - correct answer>>>•CV: tachycardia,
bounding pulse, HTN, decrease pulse pressure, JVD, weight
gain
•Resp: increase and shallow resp; SOB, crackles lung sounds
•Skin: pitting edema, skin pale and cool to touch
•Neuromuscular: LOC, HA, visual disturbance, muscle
weakness, paresthesia
•GI: increase motility, enlarge liver
Assessment for fluid overload - correct answer>>>•Assess risk
r/t age and diagnosis, history (overhydration, CHF, kidney
disease)
•Assess vital signs why: watch for bounding tachycardia, HTN,
dysrhythmias, tachypnea
•Assess lung sounds (crackles) , weight, LOC, Observe JVD
•Assess lab values: electrolytes imbalance and signs and
symptoms
• Focus Assessment: skin/extremities/ abdomen and sacrum
area for edema
•Assess perfusion: edema may impair perfusion to extremities,
assess peripheral and central pulses, capillary refill, skin color,
temp, sensory and motor function
•Observe for urine output
Lab values fluid overload - correct answer>>>•Serum
osmolality (275-295 mOsm/kg)
•Decrease found in overhydration <275; and < 265 is critical
finding
•CBC
•Decrease hemoglobin and hematocrit
•BUN
•decreased BUN
, •Electrolytes
•Decreased sodium (shifts due to dilution)
•Urine specific gravity Decrease < 1.005
fluid overload interventions/goal - correct answer>>>•Goal:
reduce excess body fluids, promote desired elimination
•Manage underlying cause
•Restrict dietary sodium intake
•Monitor I/O
•Administer diuretic
•Monitor client's s/s and electrolytes values
•Restrict oral and other fluid intake as prescribed
Fluid overload complications - correct answer>>>•Isotonic
overhydration
•HF and pulmonary edema
•Seizure
•Coma
Fluid overload medications - correct answer>>>Furosemide
Mannitol
S/S of dehydration - correct answer>>>•Vital signs:
hyperthermia, ST, thread pulse, hypotension, decrease CVP
•Neuromusculoskeletal: Dizziness, syncope, confusion,
weakness, fatigue
•GI: thirst, dry furrowed tongue, N/V, anorexia, weight loss
•Renal: Oliguria
•Other signs: Diminish capillary refill, cool clammy skin,
diaphoresis, sunken eyeballs, flat neck vein
Dehydration assessment - correct answer>>>•Assess for
condition leading to dehydration: diarrhea, poor intake,
vigorous exercise, vomiting, polyuria, fluid losses (burns,
trauma) clients with drains/NG tube, burns/fluid shifts, overuse
of diuretic
Dehydration labs - correct answer>>>•Serum electrolytes
(hypernatremia)
•Increased serum osmolality normal 275- 295 mOsm/kg;
elevated > 295 found in dehydration; > 320 is critical finding
•CBC elevated H/H
•Elevated urine specific gravity > 1.030
•Increased BUN
with correct answers 2026 version
Causes of fluid overload - correct answer>>>•Excessive fluid
replacement
•Kidney failure (late phase)
•Heart failure
•Long term corticosteroid therapy
•Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
•Psychiatric disorders with polydipsia
•Water intoxication
s/s fluid overload - correct answer>>>•CV: tachycardia,
bounding pulse, HTN, decrease pulse pressure, JVD, weight
gain
•Resp: increase and shallow resp; SOB, crackles lung sounds
•Skin: pitting edema, skin pale and cool to touch
•Neuromuscular: LOC, HA, visual disturbance, muscle
weakness, paresthesia
•GI: increase motility, enlarge liver
Assessment for fluid overload - correct answer>>>•Assess risk
r/t age and diagnosis, history (overhydration, CHF, kidney
disease)
•Assess vital signs why: watch for bounding tachycardia, HTN,
dysrhythmias, tachypnea
•Assess lung sounds (crackles) , weight, LOC, Observe JVD
•Assess lab values: electrolytes imbalance and signs and
symptoms
• Focus Assessment: skin/extremities/ abdomen and sacrum
area for edema
•Assess perfusion: edema may impair perfusion to extremities,
assess peripheral and central pulses, capillary refill, skin color,
temp, sensory and motor function
•Observe for urine output
Lab values fluid overload - correct answer>>>•Serum
osmolality (275-295 mOsm/kg)
•Decrease found in overhydration <275; and < 265 is critical
finding
•CBC
•Decrease hemoglobin and hematocrit
•BUN
•decreased BUN
, •Electrolytes
•Decreased sodium (shifts due to dilution)
•Urine specific gravity Decrease < 1.005
fluid overload interventions/goal - correct answer>>>•Goal:
reduce excess body fluids, promote desired elimination
•Manage underlying cause
•Restrict dietary sodium intake
•Monitor I/O
•Administer diuretic
•Monitor client's s/s and electrolytes values
•Restrict oral and other fluid intake as prescribed
Fluid overload complications - correct answer>>>•Isotonic
overhydration
•HF and pulmonary edema
•Seizure
•Coma
Fluid overload medications - correct answer>>>Furosemide
Mannitol
S/S of dehydration - correct answer>>>•Vital signs:
hyperthermia, ST, thread pulse, hypotension, decrease CVP
•Neuromusculoskeletal: Dizziness, syncope, confusion,
weakness, fatigue
•GI: thirst, dry furrowed tongue, N/V, anorexia, weight loss
•Renal: Oliguria
•Other signs: Diminish capillary refill, cool clammy skin,
diaphoresis, sunken eyeballs, flat neck vein
Dehydration assessment - correct answer>>>•Assess for
condition leading to dehydration: diarrhea, poor intake,
vigorous exercise, vomiting, polyuria, fluid losses (burns,
trauma) clients with drains/NG tube, burns/fluid shifts, overuse
of diuretic
Dehydration labs - correct answer>>>•Serum electrolytes
(hypernatremia)
•Increased serum osmolality normal 275- 295 mOsm/kg;
elevated > 295 found in dehydration; > 320 is critical finding
•CBC elevated H/H
•Elevated urine specific gravity > 1.030
•Increased BUN
