NR 507 Final Exam Study Guide
,NR 507 Final Exam Study Guide & possible questions
1. Types of immunity ch 7 & 8
a. Innate- natural epithelial barrier and inflammation the make innate resistance and
protection pg. 191 Innate immunity includes two lines of defense: Natural barriers
and inflammation.
i. Natural barriers- physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers at the
body’s surfaces
ii. Inflamation- associated with infection usually initiates an adaptive process
that results in a long-term and very effective immunity to the infecting
microorganism, referred to a adaptive, acquired or specific immunity. Use
of the Epithelial cells with no memory function involved.
b. Adaptive/ acquired- immune response or immunity, after innate and
inflammation, Third line of defense, initiated when innate immune system signals
the cells of adaptive immunity. There is a delay between primary exposure to
antigen and maximum response, however there is immediate action against
secondary exposure. Response is specific toward antigen. Involves T
lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes, macrophages, and dentric cells. Specific
immunologic memory by T and B lymphocytes
i. Active (Acquired) -after natural exposure to an antigen or after
immunization pg. 227
ii. Passive (Acquired)- preformed antibodies or t lymphocytes are transferred
rom a donor to the recipient, maternal to fetus, or bone marrow transplant
pg. 227
Questions
What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?
Passive-aquired immunity
The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin?
IgA
A student nurse asks the clinician which cells are most primary in a patient's
immunity. What is the clinician's best answer?
Lymphocytes.
A nurse recalls humoral immunity is generated through the process of:
producing antibodies.
While taking a health history, if a person has resistance to a disease from natural
exposure to an antigen, how would the nurse document this form of immunity?
Active acquired
What type of immunity will the nurse expect in an individual who is given a
vaccine?
Active acquired immunity
, A new mother asks the nurse about immunity of her newborn as she is
breastfeeding. The nurse's response should include a discussion on which type of
immunity?
Passive
The nurse has been explaining to a student nurse about the different types of
immunity. Which response indicates that the student nurse has a good
understanding of adaptive immunity?
Both the humoral and cell-mediated immunity develop
memory cells
Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of
adaptive immunity by
natural killer cells
The primary immune response ________.
has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into
plasma cells
Which of the following is true about the number of binding sites per functional
antibody unit?
IgM contains 10 binding sites.
Which cell of the immune system is absolutely required for an adaptive immune
response?
Helper T cell
The adaptive immune system involves three major cell types: antigen-presenting
cells, T cells, which constitute cell- mediated immunity, and B cells, which
govern humoral immunity.
The nurse understands that the function of IgG is as what?
A bond with target cells and a promoter of phagocytosis
The nurse understands that which type of immunity is the longest acting?
Natural active
Natural killer cells are specialized lymphocytes that are one of the major parts of
which immunity?
Innate
2. Alveolar ventilation/perfusion- pg. 1239 Ch 34 Effective gas exchange depends on an
approximately even distribution of gas (ventilation) and blood (perfusion) in all portion s
of the lungs. The lungs are suspended from the hila in the thoracic cavity. When the
individual is in an upright position, gravity pulls the lungs down toward the diaphragm
and compresses their lower portions or bases.
a. Ratio between the amount of air getting into the alveoli and the amount of blood
being sent to the lungs.
Questions
A consequence of alveolar hypoxia is:
Pulmonary artery vasoconstriction
The pressure required to inflate an alveolus is inversely related to:
Alveolus radius
, The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the
capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues. What term
should the nurse use to describe this process?
Perfusion
A pulmonologist is discussing the base of the lungs with staff. Which
information should be included? At the base of the lungs:
Arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure
When the pulmonologist discusses the condition in which a series of alveoli in the
left lower lo
be receive adequate ventilation but do not have adequate perfusion, which statement
indicates the nurse understands this condition? When this occurs in a patient it is
called:
Alveolar dead space
Which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor for in a patient with
hypoventilation?
hypercapnia
A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of emphysema. Which information should
the nurse include? Emphysema results in:
the destruction of alveolar septa and air trapping
3. Dermatologic conditions and terminology ch. 46 pg. 1620,
a. macules- freckles, flat moles, change in color, less than1 cm,
b. nevi- moles pg. 1641,
c. pityriasis rosea- benign self-limiting inflammatory disorder that occurs in young
adults, with seasonal peaks spring and fall. Harmful in pregnancy. Associated
with a virus, starts with a herald patch, circular. Salmon pink, and demarcated,
usually on the trunk, acyclovir and erythromycin, and corticosteroid creams for
itching. Should go away within a few months.
d. Papule - An elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter, Wart
(verruca), elevated moles, lichen planus, fibroma, insect bite
e. Patch - A flat, nonpalpable, irregular-shaped macule more than 1 cm in diameter,
Vitiligo, port-wine stains, mongolian spots, café-au-lait spots
f. Plaque- Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in
diameter, Psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic keratosis
g. Wheal - Elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient;
variable diameter, Insect bites, urticaria, allergic reaction
h. Nodule- Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1-2
cm in diameter, Erythema nodosum, lipomas
i. Tumor- Elevated, solid lesion; may be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis;
greater than 2 cm in diameter, Neoplasms, benign tumor, lipoma, neurofibroma,
hemangioma
,NR 507 Final Exam Study Guide & possible questions
1. Types of immunity ch 7 & 8
a. Innate- natural epithelial barrier and inflammation the make innate resistance and
protection pg. 191 Innate immunity includes two lines of defense: Natural barriers
and inflammation.
i. Natural barriers- physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers at the
body’s surfaces
ii. Inflamation- associated with infection usually initiates an adaptive process
that results in a long-term and very effective immunity to the infecting
microorganism, referred to a adaptive, acquired or specific immunity. Use
of the Epithelial cells with no memory function involved.
b. Adaptive/ acquired- immune response or immunity, after innate and
inflammation, Third line of defense, initiated when innate immune system signals
the cells of adaptive immunity. There is a delay between primary exposure to
antigen and maximum response, however there is immediate action against
secondary exposure. Response is specific toward antigen. Involves T
lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes, macrophages, and dentric cells. Specific
immunologic memory by T and B lymphocytes
i. Active (Acquired) -after natural exposure to an antigen or after
immunization pg. 227
ii. Passive (Acquired)- preformed antibodies or t lymphocytes are transferred
rom a donor to the recipient, maternal to fetus, or bone marrow transplant
pg. 227
Questions
What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?
Passive-aquired immunity
The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin?
IgA
A student nurse asks the clinician which cells are most primary in a patient's
immunity. What is the clinician's best answer?
Lymphocytes.
A nurse recalls humoral immunity is generated through the process of:
producing antibodies.
While taking a health history, if a person has resistance to a disease from natural
exposure to an antigen, how would the nurse document this form of immunity?
Active acquired
What type of immunity will the nurse expect in an individual who is given a
vaccine?
Active acquired immunity
, A new mother asks the nurse about immunity of her newborn as she is
breastfeeding. The nurse's response should include a discussion on which type of
immunity?
Passive
The nurse has been explaining to a student nurse about the different types of
immunity. Which response indicates that the student nurse has a good
understanding of adaptive immunity?
Both the humoral and cell-mediated immunity develop
memory cells
Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of
adaptive immunity by
natural killer cells
The primary immune response ________.
has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into
plasma cells
Which of the following is true about the number of binding sites per functional
antibody unit?
IgM contains 10 binding sites.
Which cell of the immune system is absolutely required for an adaptive immune
response?
Helper T cell
The adaptive immune system involves three major cell types: antigen-presenting
cells, T cells, which constitute cell- mediated immunity, and B cells, which
govern humoral immunity.
The nurse understands that the function of IgG is as what?
A bond with target cells and a promoter of phagocytosis
The nurse understands that which type of immunity is the longest acting?
Natural active
Natural killer cells are specialized lymphocytes that are one of the major parts of
which immunity?
Innate
2. Alveolar ventilation/perfusion- pg. 1239 Ch 34 Effective gas exchange depends on an
approximately even distribution of gas (ventilation) and blood (perfusion) in all portion s
of the lungs. The lungs are suspended from the hila in the thoracic cavity. When the
individual is in an upright position, gravity pulls the lungs down toward the diaphragm
and compresses their lower portions or bases.
a. Ratio between the amount of air getting into the alveoli and the amount of blood
being sent to the lungs.
Questions
A consequence of alveolar hypoxia is:
Pulmonary artery vasoconstriction
The pressure required to inflate an alveolus is inversely related to:
Alveolus radius
, The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the
capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues. What term
should the nurse use to describe this process?
Perfusion
A pulmonologist is discussing the base of the lungs with staff. Which
information should be included? At the base of the lungs:
Arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure
When the pulmonologist discusses the condition in which a series of alveoli in the
left lower lo
be receive adequate ventilation but do not have adequate perfusion, which statement
indicates the nurse understands this condition? When this occurs in a patient it is
called:
Alveolar dead space
Which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor for in a patient with
hypoventilation?
hypercapnia
A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of emphysema. Which information should
the nurse include? Emphysema results in:
the destruction of alveolar septa and air trapping
3. Dermatologic conditions and terminology ch. 46 pg. 1620,
a. macules- freckles, flat moles, change in color, less than1 cm,
b. nevi- moles pg. 1641,
c. pityriasis rosea- benign self-limiting inflammatory disorder that occurs in young
adults, with seasonal peaks spring and fall. Harmful in pregnancy. Associated
with a virus, starts with a herald patch, circular. Salmon pink, and demarcated,
usually on the trunk, acyclovir and erythromycin, and corticosteroid creams for
itching. Should go away within a few months.
d. Papule - An elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter, Wart
(verruca), elevated moles, lichen planus, fibroma, insect bite
e. Patch - A flat, nonpalpable, irregular-shaped macule more than 1 cm in diameter,
Vitiligo, port-wine stains, mongolian spots, café-au-lait spots
f. Plaque- Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in
diameter, Psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic keratosis
g. Wheal - Elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient;
variable diameter, Insect bites, urticaria, allergic reaction
h. Nodule- Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1-2
cm in diameter, Erythema nodosum, lipomas
i. Tumor- Elevated, solid lesion; may be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis;
greater than 2 cm in diameter, Neoplasms, benign tumor, lipoma, neurofibroma,
hemangioma
