The epithelium that lines the urinary bladder is classified as - ANSWER
transitional
The specialized cell located in the renal corpuscle is the - ANSWER podocyte
The epithelium of the thin descending limb of Henle's loop is composed of: -
ANSWER simple squamous
The cells that support and/or nurse spermatogenic cells are the - ANSWER
sertoli cells
The ejaculatory duct is located within the: - ANSWER prostate
The ductus deferens is a continuation of the: - ANSWER epididymis
The majority of water filtered in the renal corpuscle is reabsorbed in the -
ANSWER proximal convoluted tube
The emptying reflex of the urinary bladder is controlled by the: - ANSWER
parasympathetic nerves from the coccygeal spinal nerves
The renin that activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is secreted in
the: - ANSWER juxtaglomerular apparatus
The broad ligament: - ANSWER Contains the arteries and veins traveling to the
uterus, is a double layer of peritoneum, and contains the uterine tube
The layer of the uterus that contains the spiral arteries is the: - ANSWER
endometrium
The vagina is lined by an epithelium classified as: - ANSWER non-keratinized,
stratified squamous epithelium
urinary systems functions - ANSWER 1. Filters cellular waste from blood
2. Regulates composition and volume of fluid (180 L/day)
3. Role in managing blood pressure by reabsorption of water and sodium as
regulated by ADH and aldosterone
4. Role in acid/base balance
,Kidney - function - ANSWER organ that removes urea, excess water, and other
waste products from the blood and passes them to the ureter
kidney basics - ANSWER - Size = 10cm long, 5cm wide, 2.5cm thick
- Location = retroperitoneal, posterior abdomen, at the lower edge of rib cage;
Lower half is not covered by ribs and is more susceptible to trauma
- Functional unit = nephron
kidney anatomy - ANSWER Cortex - blood vessels, renal corpuscles (1
million/kidney)
Medulla - pyramids, renal columns
Renal lobe - one pyramid and the cortical tissue associated with it; filters urine
into calyxes
Calyces and pelvis - collecting areas that drain into ureter
nephron - ANSWER functional unit of the kidney
- functions --> filter, reabsorb good stuff (taking out of filtrate), and secrete bad
stuff (adding to filtrate)
- Consists of a renal corpuscle and a tubule system which interact with
surrounding blood vessels
- 2 types: juxtamedullar and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons - ANSWER nephrons with well-developed loops of
Henle that extend deeply into the renal medulla
- glomerulus located near the junction of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons - ANSWER 85% of nephrons; almost entirely in cortex; shorter
loops of Henle
- glomerulus near the outer parts of the cortex
glomerulus - ANSWER small tuft of capillaries that functions in filtration
- within renal corpuscle
- Fenestrated capillaries in podocytes allow the filtration
- Restricted filtration so RBCs and large anionic proteins can't leave/be filtered
out
- filtrate contains lots of good stuff that needs to be reabsorbed in tubular
system
filtrate from the glomerulus - ANSWER contains water, glucose, amino acids,
ions, urea, hormones, vitamins B and C, ketones, very small amounts of protein
Bowman's Capsule - ANSWER surrounds the glomerulus in a double layer of
epithelia
, - Parietal layer = simple squamous epithelium
- visceral layer = specialized epithelial cells = podocytes
podocytes - ANSWER specialized epithelial cells in the Bowman's capsule in the
kidneys that wrap around capillaries of the glomerulus
- have Extensions and filtration slits for exchange
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) - ANSWER 1st segment of the nephron
between the glomerular capsule and the nephron loop
- brush border, cuboidal to lower columnar epithelium
- functions as reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids, sodium back into
bloodstream; most substances filtered at glomerulus are reabsorbed
- Secretes drugs and toxins from blood back into filtrate
- site of the most reabsorption
loop of henle - ANSWER Main function - concentration gradient for filtrate
processing
- In between proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule
- composed of 3 segments: thin descending limb, thin ascending limb, and thick
ascending limb
- Filtrate entering the descending limb becomes progressively more
concentrated as it loses water which leads to an increase in osmotic pressure
- Extra ions taken out in ascending limb by sending some to blood stream and
some to adjacent tissue → osmotic pressure levels out and filtrate becomes
hyperosmotic
- example of "countercurrent exchange" between blood in vasa recta and filtrate
in loop
vasa recta - ANSWER the capillary system in the kidney that serves the loop of
Henle
- blood source from efferent arteriole
- Comes in normal, increases in ions by absorbing ions sent out by ascending
limb
- Blood becomes highly ion concentrated, but dilutes by absorbing water ejected
from descending limb
thin descending limb - ANSWER simple squamous epithelium
- permeable to water, impermeable to solutes
thin ascending limb - ANSWER simple squamous epithelium
- highly permeable to Na+ and Cl-, moderately permeable to urea, and almost
completely impermeable to water
thick ascending limb - ANSWER simple cuboidal epithelium
- pumps out Na+, K+, and Cl- = filtrate becomes hyperosmotic
- also called distal straight tubule
transitional
The specialized cell located in the renal corpuscle is the - ANSWER podocyte
The epithelium of the thin descending limb of Henle's loop is composed of: -
ANSWER simple squamous
The cells that support and/or nurse spermatogenic cells are the - ANSWER
sertoli cells
The ejaculatory duct is located within the: - ANSWER prostate
The ductus deferens is a continuation of the: - ANSWER epididymis
The majority of water filtered in the renal corpuscle is reabsorbed in the -
ANSWER proximal convoluted tube
The emptying reflex of the urinary bladder is controlled by the: - ANSWER
parasympathetic nerves from the coccygeal spinal nerves
The renin that activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is secreted in
the: - ANSWER juxtaglomerular apparatus
The broad ligament: - ANSWER Contains the arteries and veins traveling to the
uterus, is a double layer of peritoneum, and contains the uterine tube
The layer of the uterus that contains the spiral arteries is the: - ANSWER
endometrium
The vagina is lined by an epithelium classified as: - ANSWER non-keratinized,
stratified squamous epithelium
urinary systems functions - ANSWER 1. Filters cellular waste from blood
2. Regulates composition and volume of fluid (180 L/day)
3. Role in managing blood pressure by reabsorption of water and sodium as
regulated by ADH and aldosterone
4. Role in acid/base balance
,Kidney - function - ANSWER organ that removes urea, excess water, and other
waste products from the blood and passes them to the ureter
kidney basics - ANSWER - Size = 10cm long, 5cm wide, 2.5cm thick
- Location = retroperitoneal, posterior abdomen, at the lower edge of rib cage;
Lower half is not covered by ribs and is more susceptible to trauma
- Functional unit = nephron
kidney anatomy - ANSWER Cortex - blood vessels, renal corpuscles (1
million/kidney)
Medulla - pyramids, renal columns
Renal lobe - one pyramid and the cortical tissue associated with it; filters urine
into calyxes
Calyces and pelvis - collecting areas that drain into ureter
nephron - ANSWER functional unit of the kidney
- functions --> filter, reabsorb good stuff (taking out of filtrate), and secrete bad
stuff (adding to filtrate)
- Consists of a renal corpuscle and a tubule system which interact with
surrounding blood vessels
- 2 types: juxtamedullar and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons - ANSWER nephrons with well-developed loops of
Henle that extend deeply into the renal medulla
- glomerulus located near the junction of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons - ANSWER 85% of nephrons; almost entirely in cortex; shorter
loops of Henle
- glomerulus near the outer parts of the cortex
glomerulus - ANSWER small tuft of capillaries that functions in filtration
- within renal corpuscle
- Fenestrated capillaries in podocytes allow the filtration
- Restricted filtration so RBCs and large anionic proteins can't leave/be filtered
out
- filtrate contains lots of good stuff that needs to be reabsorbed in tubular
system
filtrate from the glomerulus - ANSWER contains water, glucose, amino acids,
ions, urea, hormones, vitamins B and C, ketones, very small amounts of protein
Bowman's Capsule - ANSWER surrounds the glomerulus in a double layer of
epithelia
, - Parietal layer = simple squamous epithelium
- visceral layer = specialized epithelial cells = podocytes
podocytes - ANSWER specialized epithelial cells in the Bowman's capsule in the
kidneys that wrap around capillaries of the glomerulus
- have Extensions and filtration slits for exchange
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) - ANSWER 1st segment of the nephron
between the glomerular capsule and the nephron loop
- brush border, cuboidal to lower columnar epithelium
- functions as reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids, sodium back into
bloodstream; most substances filtered at glomerulus are reabsorbed
- Secretes drugs and toxins from blood back into filtrate
- site of the most reabsorption
loop of henle - ANSWER Main function - concentration gradient for filtrate
processing
- In between proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule
- composed of 3 segments: thin descending limb, thin ascending limb, and thick
ascending limb
- Filtrate entering the descending limb becomes progressively more
concentrated as it loses water which leads to an increase in osmotic pressure
- Extra ions taken out in ascending limb by sending some to blood stream and
some to adjacent tissue → osmotic pressure levels out and filtrate becomes
hyperosmotic
- example of "countercurrent exchange" between blood in vasa recta and filtrate
in loop
vasa recta - ANSWER the capillary system in the kidney that serves the loop of
Henle
- blood source from efferent arteriole
- Comes in normal, increases in ions by absorbing ions sent out by ascending
limb
- Blood becomes highly ion concentrated, but dilutes by absorbing water ejected
from descending limb
thin descending limb - ANSWER simple squamous epithelium
- permeable to water, impermeable to solutes
thin ascending limb - ANSWER simple squamous epithelium
- highly permeable to Na+ and Cl-, moderately permeable to urea, and almost
completely impermeable to water
thick ascending limb - ANSWER simple cuboidal epithelium
- pumps out Na+, K+, and Cl- = filtrate becomes hyperosmotic
- also called distal straight tubule
