NR 507 QUESTION BANK
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUIZZES
Question 1
pts
After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for months.
1 to 2
6 to 14
24 to 36
18 to 20
Antibody appears rather rapidly after infection through blood products, usually within 4
to 7 weeks. After sexual transmission, however, the individual can be infected yet
seronegative for 6 to 14 months or, in at least one case, for years.
Question 2
pts
Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do neutrophils actively attack,
engulf, and destroy by phagocytosis?
Bacteria
Viruses
Mycoplasma
Fungi
Invasion results in direct confrontation with an individual’s primary defense mechanisms
against bacteria, which include the complement system, antibodies, and phagocytes,
such as neutrophils and macrophages. (See Chapters 6, 7, and 8).
Question 3
pts
Which statement about vaccines is true?
,Vaccines require booster injections to maintain lifelong protection.
Vaccines provide effective protection for all people against viruses, bacteria, and fungal infections.
Most bacterial vaccines contain attenuated organisms.
Most viral vaccines are made by using dead organisms.
In general, vaccine-induced protection does not persist as long as infection-induced
immunity, thus booster injections may be necessary to maintain protection throughout
life.
Question 4
pts
Cells in may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively protected from antiviral drugs.
the thymus gland
the central nervous system
the lungs
bone marrow
HIV may persist in regions where the antiviral drugs are not as effective, such as the
CNS.
Question 5
pts
Which statement is true about fungal infections?
They result in release of endotoxins.
They are controlled by phagocytes and T lymphocytes.
They are prevented by vaccines.
,They occur only on skin, hair, and nails.
The host defense against fungal infection includes the fungistatic properties of
neutrophils and macrophages. T lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of
infection and producing cytokines to further activate macrophages.
Question 6
pts
What of the following remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?
Infectious disease
Traumatic injury
Cardiovascular disease
Starvation
Despite the wide scale implementation of progressive public health and immunization
policies, infectious disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
Question 7
pts
In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue
damage is a result of
complement-mediated cell lysis.
phagocytosis in the spleen.
neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products.
phagocytosis by macrophages.
The components of neutrophil granules, as well as the several toxic oxygen products
produced by these cells, damage the tissue.
Question 8
, pts
What is the mechanism in type III hypersensitivity reactions?
Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly.
Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge
of preformed mediators.
Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are
deposited in the tissues.
Most type III hypersensitivity diseases are caused by antigen-antibody (immune)
complexes that are formed in the circulation and deposited later in vessel walls or
extravascular tissues (Figure 8-3).
Question 9
pts
Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function?
Iodine
Zinc
Magnesium
Iron
Deficient zinc intake can profoundly depress T- and B-cell function.
Question 10
pts
A person with type O blood is likely to have high titers of anti- antibodies.
A and B
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUIZZES
Question 1
pts
After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for months.
1 to 2
6 to 14
24 to 36
18 to 20
Antibody appears rather rapidly after infection through blood products, usually within 4
to 7 weeks. After sexual transmission, however, the individual can be infected yet
seronegative for 6 to 14 months or, in at least one case, for years.
Question 2
pts
Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do neutrophils actively attack,
engulf, and destroy by phagocytosis?
Bacteria
Viruses
Mycoplasma
Fungi
Invasion results in direct confrontation with an individual’s primary defense mechanisms
against bacteria, which include the complement system, antibodies, and phagocytes,
such as neutrophils and macrophages. (See Chapters 6, 7, and 8).
Question 3
pts
Which statement about vaccines is true?
,Vaccines require booster injections to maintain lifelong protection.
Vaccines provide effective protection for all people against viruses, bacteria, and fungal infections.
Most bacterial vaccines contain attenuated organisms.
Most viral vaccines are made by using dead organisms.
In general, vaccine-induced protection does not persist as long as infection-induced
immunity, thus booster injections may be necessary to maintain protection throughout
life.
Question 4
pts
Cells in may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively protected from antiviral drugs.
the thymus gland
the central nervous system
the lungs
bone marrow
HIV may persist in regions where the antiviral drugs are not as effective, such as the
CNS.
Question 5
pts
Which statement is true about fungal infections?
They result in release of endotoxins.
They are controlled by phagocytes and T lymphocytes.
They are prevented by vaccines.
,They occur only on skin, hair, and nails.
The host defense against fungal infection includes the fungistatic properties of
neutrophils and macrophages. T lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of
infection and producing cytokines to further activate macrophages.
Question 6
pts
What of the following remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?
Infectious disease
Traumatic injury
Cardiovascular disease
Starvation
Despite the wide scale implementation of progressive public health and immunization
policies, infectious disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
Question 7
pts
In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue
damage is a result of
complement-mediated cell lysis.
phagocytosis in the spleen.
neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products.
phagocytosis by macrophages.
The components of neutrophil granules, as well as the several toxic oxygen products
produced by these cells, damage the tissue.
Question 8
, pts
What is the mechanism in type III hypersensitivity reactions?
Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly.
Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge
of preformed mediators.
Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are
deposited in the tissues.
Most type III hypersensitivity diseases are caused by antigen-antibody (immune)
complexes that are formed in the circulation and deposited later in vessel walls or
extravascular tissues (Figure 8-3).
Question 9
pts
Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function?
Iodine
Zinc
Magnesium
Iron
Deficient zinc intake can profoundly depress T- and B-cell function.
Question 10
pts
A person with type O blood is likely to have high titers of anti- antibodies.
A and B
