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MARYVILLE UNIVERSITYNURS 611 EXAM 3
PATHO 2025 ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST
UPDATE 2025/26
What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? a.
Intolerance to heat, tachycardia, and weight loss b.
Oligomenorrhea, fatigue, and warm skin c.
Restlessness, increased appetite, and metrorrhagia d.
Constipation, decreased heat rate, and lethargy
.....answer.....The lower levels of thyroid hormone result
in decreased energy metabolism, resulting in
constipation, bradycardia, and lethargy, thus
eliminating the remaining options.
Mitral Stenosis: .....answer.....Mitral stenosis impairs
the flow of blood from the left atrium to the left
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ventricle. Mitral stenosis is most commonly caused by
acute rheumatic fever. Results in incomplete emptying
of the left atrium and elevated atrial pressure as the
chamber tries to force blood through the stenotic valve
The outcomes of untreated chronic mitral stenosis are:
.....answer.....pulmonary hypertension, edema, and right
ventricular failure.
Mitral regurgitation .....answer.....permits backflow of
blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during
ventricular systole. As mitral valve regurgitation
progresses, left ventricular function may become
impaired to the point of failure. Eventually, increased
atrial pressure also causes pulmonary hypertension
and failure of the right ventricle.
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True aneurysms involve: .....answer.....all three layers of
the arterial wall and are best described as a weakening
of the vessel wall. Most are fusiform and
circumferential.
False aneurysm is an: .....answer.....extravascular
hematoma that communicates with the intravascular
space. A common cause of this type of lesion is a leak
between a vascular graft and a natural artery.
Causes of Aneurysms .....answer.....Arteriosclerosis and
hypertension are found in more than half of all
individuals with aneurysms. Chronic hypertension
results in mechanical and shear forces that contribute
to remodeling and weakening of the vessel wall.
, 4|Page
Atherosclerosis is a common cause of aneurysms
because plaque formation erodes the vessel wall.
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) .....answer.....refers to
atherosclerotic disease of arteries that perfuse the
limbs, especially the lower extremities. In most
individuals gradually increasing obstruction to arterial
blood flow to the legs caused by atherosclerosis in the
iliofemoral vessels results in pain with ambulation
called intermittent claudication but subsides with rest.
Varicose veins are .....answer.....superficial veins in
which blood has pooled.
Varicose veins are caused by .....answer.....(1) trauma
to the saphenous veins that damages one or more
valves, or (2) gradual venous distention caused by the
MARYVILLE UNIVERSITYNURS 611 EXAM 3
PATHO 2025 ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST
UPDATE 2025/26
What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? a.
Intolerance to heat, tachycardia, and weight loss b.
Oligomenorrhea, fatigue, and warm skin c.
Restlessness, increased appetite, and metrorrhagia d.
Constipation, decreased heat rate, and lethargy
.....answer.....The lower levels of thyroid hormone result
in decreased energy metabolism, resulting in
constipation, bradycardia, and lethargy, thus
eliminating the remaining options.
Mitral Stenosis: .....answer.....Mitral stenosis impairs
the flow of blood from the left atrium to the left
,2|Page
ventricle. Mitral stenosis is most commonly caused by
acute rheumatic fever. Results in incomplete emptying
of the left atrium and elevated atrial pressure as the
chamber tries to force blood through the stenotic valve
The outcomes of untreated chronic mitral stenosis are:
.....answer.....pulmonary hypertension, edema, and right
ventricular failure.
Mitral regurgitation .....answer.....permits backflow of
blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during
ventricular systole. As mitral valve regurgitation
progresses, left ventricular function may become
impaired to the point of failure. Eventually, increased
atrial pressure also causes pulmonary hypertension
and failure of the right ventricle.
,3|Page
True aneurysms involve: .....answer.....all three layers of
the arterial wall and are best described as a weakening
of the vessel wall. Most are fusiform and
circumferential.
False aneurysm is an: .....answer.....extravascular
hematoma that communicates with the intravascular
space. A common cause of this type of lesion is a leak
between a vascular graft and a natural artery.
Causes of Aneurysms .....answer.....Arteriosclerosis and
hypertension are found in more than half of all
individuals with aneurysms. Chronic hypertension
results in mechanical and shear forces that contribute
to remodeling and weakening of the vessel wall.
, 4|Page
Atherosclerosis is a common cause of aneurysms
because plaque formation erodes the vessel wall.
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) .....answer.....refers to
atherosclerotic disease of arteries that perfuse the
limbs, especially the lower extremities. In most
individuals gradually increasing obstruction to arterial
blood flow to the legs caused by atherosclerosis in the
iliofemoral vessels results in pain with ambulation
called intermittent claudication but subsides with rest.
Varicose veins are .....answer.....superficial veins in
which blood has pooled.
Varicose veins are caused by .....answer.....(1) trauma
to the saphenous veins that damages one or more
valves, or (2) gradual venous distention caused by the
