AHN 568 FLUIDS ELECTROLYTES
ADVANCED PREPARATION EVALUATION
BUNDLE 2026 IN-DEPTH QUESTIONS WITH
THOROUGHLY CORRECT WELL-DEFINED
ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS
⩥What is hyperkalemia. Answer: *elevated potassium in the blood
*Meds and kidney damage can decrease urinary excretion of potassium.
*in acidosis and cellular destruction potassium shifts from inside the cell
to the blood stream
⩥S/S of hyperkalemia. Answer: MURDER
*Muscle weakness, abdominal cramps
*Urine (oliguria, anuria)
*Resp distress
*decreased cardiac contractitily
*ECG changes (T tall, P small, QRS widened)
*reflexes, hyperreflexia, or areflexia (flaccid)
⩥Potassium--what does it do. Answer: *Potassium is necessary for the
transmission of electrical impulses in the heart and skeletal muscle
*Potassium is also a part of reactions that breakdown glucose for energy
,*If can also help maintain acid base balance
*promotes contraction of skeletal and smooth muscles
*regulates acid base balance by cellular exchange of H ions.
⩥Hyperkalemia-mgt. Answer: KIND
*Kayexalate (oral/enema)
*Insulin and glucose >>> monitor sugar for diabetes keto acidosis
*Na HCO3
*Diuretic (Furosemide & Thiazides)
⩥How the meds work hyperkalemia. Answer: *Kayexalate works by
drawing potassium into the colon
*Insulin increases cellular permebaility to potassium
*Sodium Bracarbonate (NaHCO3) works by increasing blood pH which
in turn creates a shift of potassium into the cell as it shifts with the H ion
moving out of the cell.
*Diuretic increase potassium wasting through the urine
⩥Hypernatremia- S/S. Answer: FRIED
*Fever (low grad), flushed skin
*Restless (irritable)
*Increased fluid retention and *increased BP (tachycardia)
*Edema (peripheral and pitting)
,*Decreased urinary output,
>dry mouth
>N/V
⩥What is hyperantermia. Answer: *elevated levels of sodium in the
blood
*Sodium helps with blood pressure and blood volume.
*it is also necessary for muscle and nerve function
*it can be caused by excess sodium intake or decrease in free water
which lead to a higher concentration of sodium in the blood
⩥S/S of hypernatermia. Answer: DART
*delirium
*agitation
*restlessness
*twiching
>convulsions
>comma
>Skin (flushed, dry)
>N, V, Anorexia
⩥What is the cause of Hypernatermia. Answer: MODEL
, *Med/Meals
*Osmotic diuretic
*Diabetes insipidus (uncompensated)
*Excessive water loss
*low water intake
Severe GI loss (V/D)
IV (hypertonic, isotonic, NaHco3)
Renal disf (nephritis)
CHF
cirrhosis
⩥Treatment for hyper-Na. Answer: *monitor (consciousness & seizure)
*hourly (VS, I&O, & oral hygiene)
Admi (HYPOTONIC soln)
⩥S/S hypocalcemia. Answer: CATS
convulsions
arrhythmias
tetany
spasms and stridor
ADVANCED PREPARATION EVALUATION
BUNDLE 2026 IN-DEPTH QUESTIONS WITH
THOROUGHLY CORRECT WELL-DEFINED
ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS
⩥What is hyperkalemia. Answer: *elevated potassium in the blood
*Meds and kidney damage can decrease urinary excretion of potassium.
*in acidosis and cellular destruction potassium shifts from inside the cell
to the blood stream
⩥S/S of hyperkalemia. Answer: MURDER
*Muscle weakness, abdominal cramps
*Urine (oliguria, anuria)
*Resp distress
*decreased cardiac contractitily
*ECG changes (T tall, P small, QRS widened)
*reflexes, hyperreflexia, or areflexia (flaccid)
⩥Potassium--what does it do. Answer: *Potassium is necessary for the
transmission of electrical impulses in the heart and skeletal muscle
*Potassium is also a part of reactions that breakdown glucose for energy
,*If can also help maintain acid base balance
*promotes contraction of skeletal and smooth muscles
*regulates acid base balance by cellular exchange of H ions.
⩥Hyperkalemia-mgt. Answer: KIND
*Kayexalate (oral/enema)
*Insulin and glucose >>> monitor sugar for diabetes keto acidosis
*Na HCO3
*Diuretic (Furosemide & Thiazides)
⩥How the meds work hyperkalemia. Answer: *Kayexalate works by
drawing potassium into the colon
*Insulin increases cellular permebaility to potassium
*Sodium Bracarbonate (NaHCO3) works by increasing blood pH which
in turn creates a shift of potassium into the cell as it shifts with the H ion
moving out of the cell.
*Diuretic increase potassium wasting through the urine
⩥Hypernatremia- S/S. Answer: FRIED
*Fever (low grad), flushed skin
*Restless (irritable)
*Increased fluid retention and *increased BP (tachycardia)
*Edema (peripheral and pitting)
,*Decreased urinary output,
>dry mouth
>N/V
⩥What is hyperantermia. Answer: *elevated levels of sodium in the
blood
*Sodium helps with blood pressure and blood volume.
*it is also necessary for muscle and nerve function
*it can be caused by excess sodium intake or decrease in free water
which lead to a higher concentration of sodium in the blood
⩥S/S of hypernatermia. Answer: DART
*delirium
*agitation
*restlessness
*twiching
>convulsions
>comma
>Skin (flushed, dry)
>N, V, Anorexia
⩥What is the cause of Hypernatermia. Answer: MODEL
, *Med/Meals
*Osmotic diuretic
*Diabetes insipidus (uncompensated)
*Excessive water loss
*low water intake
Severe GI loss (V/D)
IV (hypertonic, isotonic, NaHco3)
Renal disf (nephritis)
CHF
cirrhosis
⩥Treatment for hyper-Na. Answer: *monitor (consciousness & seizure)
*hourly (VS, I&O, & oral hygiene)
Admi (HYPOTONIC soln)
⩥S/S hypocalcemia. Answer: CATS
convulsions
arrhythmias
tetany
spasms and stridor
