SAFETY INSPECTION OF IN-
SERVICE BRIDGES: ALL TEST ONE
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Dead Load, Primary Live Load, Secondary Live Load - ANSWER-The three principal
categories of bridge loadings
dead load - ANSWER-a static load due to the weight of the structure itself
dead load types - ANSWER-Initial and Superimposed
Initial Dead Load - ANSWER-Loads before concrete deck is hardened
Superimposed Dead Load - ANSWER-Loads applied after concrete deck is
hardened
Primary Live Load - ANSWER-Moving Vehicular Loads
Standard Vehicular Loadings Used - ANSWER-H20-44 (two axel) and HS20-44
(three axel)
Shear - ANSWER-A force which results from equal but opposite transverse forces,
which tend to slide one section of a member pas an adjacent section
Axial Force - ANSWER-A force that is a push or pull type force which acts in the long
direction of the member.
Torsion - ANSWER-A force resulting from an external moment, which tends to rotate
or twist a member about its longitudinal axis
Moment - ANSWER-A force developed when an external load applied transversely
to a bridge member causes its to bend.
Wind load on the structure is considered a primary live load. (T/F) - ANSWER-False
Material toughness is not just related to strength. (T/F) - ANSWER-True
Dead loads are considered full-time permanent loads (T/F) - ANSWER-True
Ductility - ANSWER-the amount of elastic deformation a material undergoes prior to
breaking
Strain is a gradual, continuing irreversible deformation due to constant stress level
below yield stress. (T/F) - ANSWER-False
, Reaction - ANSWER-A force provided by a support that is equal but opposite to the
force transmitted from a member to its support
Composite - ANSWER-Structure in which deck acts together with beams to resist the
loads.
Cantilever - ANSWER-A span with one end restrained against rotation and deflection
and the other end completely free
Roadway Appurtenances - ANSWER-Minimizes any hazard for traffic
Superstructure - ANSWER-Supports the deck or riding surface
Bearings - ANSWER-Transmits loads, permits longitudinal movement and allows
rotation
Substructure - ANSWER-Transfers the loads from the superstructure to the
foundation soil or rock
Live Loads - ANSWER-The effect of ______ decreases as the height of cover over
the culvert increases.
Embankment - ANSWER-Culverts are usually covered by ________ material.
Internal Redundancy - ANSWER-Bridge member contains several elements, which
are mechanically fastened together so that multiple load paths are formed.
Vehicles - ANSWER-Primary Live Load
Concrete Deck - ANSWER-Dead Load
Pedestrian Load - ANSWER-Secondary Live Load
Ice Pressure - ANSWER-Secondary Live Load
Parapets - ANSWER-Dead Load
Stress - ANSWER-Force per unit area and denotes the intensity of an internal force
Fatigue - ANSWER-Material failure, which occurs at a stress level below the elastic
limit and is due to repetitive loading
Toughness - ANSWER-Measure of the energy required to break a material
Shear is a force developed when an external load applied transversely to a bridge
member causes it to bend (T/F) - ANSWER-False
Elongation is the tendency of a member to extend or stretch when subjected to a
compressive force (T/F) - ANSWER-False
SERVICE BRIDGES: ALL TEST ONE
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Dead Load, Primary Live Load, Secondary Live Load - ANSWER-The three principal
categories of bridge loadings
dead load - ANSWER-a static load due to the weight of the structure itself
dead load types - ANSWER-Initial and Superimposed
Initial Dead Load - ANSWER-Loads before concrete deck is hardened
Superimposed Dead Load - ANSWER-Loads applied after concrete deck is
hardened
Primary Live Load - ANSWER-Moving Vehicular Loads
Standard Vehicular Loadings Used - ANSWER-H20-44 (two axel) and HS20-44
(three axel)
Shear - ANSWER-A force which results from equal but opposite transverse forces,
which tend to slide one section of a member pas an adjacent section
Axial Force - ANSWER-A force that is a push or pull type force which acts in the long
direction of the member.
Torsion - ANSWER-A force resulting from an external moment, which tends to rotate
or twist a member about its longitudinal axis
Moment - ANSWER-A force developed when an external load applied transversely
to a bridge member causes its to bend.
Wind load on the structure is considered a primary live load. (T/F) - ANSWER-False
Material toughness is not just related to strength. (T/F) - ANSWER-True
Dead loads are considered full-time permanent loads (T/F) - ANSWER-True
Ductility - ANSWER-the amount of elastic deformation a material undergoes prior to
breaking
Strain is a gradual, continuing irreversible deformation due to constant stress level
below yield stress. (T/F) - ANSWER-False
, Reaction - ANSWER-A force provided by a support that is equal but opposite to the
force transmitted from a member to its support
Composite - ANSWER-Structure in which deck acts together with beams to resist the
loads.
Cantilever - ANSWER-A span with one end restrained against rotation and deflection
and the other end completely free
Roadway Appurtenances - ANSWER-Minimizes any hazard for traffic
Superstructure - ANSWER-Supports the deck or riding surface
Bearings - ANSWER-Transmits loads, permits longitudinal movement and allows
rotation
Substructure - ANSWER-Transfers the loads from the superstructure to the
foundation soil or rock
Live Loads - ANSWER-The effect of ______ decreases as the height of cover over
the culvert increases.
Embankment - ANSWER-Culverts are usually covered by ________ material.
Internal Redundancy - ANSWER-Bridge member contains several elements, which
are mechanically fastened together so that multiple load paths are formed.
Vehicles - ANSWER-Primary Live Load
Concrete Deck - ANSWER-Dead Load
Pedestrian Load - ANSWER-Secondary Live Load
Ice Pressure - ANSWER-Secondary Live Load
Parapets - ANSWER-Dead Load
Stress - ANSWER-Force per unit area and denotes the intensity of an internal force
Fatigue - ANSWER-Material failure, which occurs at a stress level below the elastic
limit and is due to repetitive loading
Toughness - ANSWER-Measure of the energy required to break a material
Shear is a force developed when an external load applied transversely to a bridge
member causes it to bend (T/F) - ANSWER-False
Elongation is the tendency of a member to extend or stretch when subjected to a
compressive force (T/F) - ANSWER-False
