NR 442 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND.
ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Community - ANSWER-- a group of people who share something in common and
interact with one another, who may exhibit a commitment with one another and may
share a geographic boundary
- PRIMARY FOCUS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
Public Health Intervention Wheel: Levels of Practice - ANSWER-- Community
- Individual
- System
System/group Level of Practice Example - ANSWER-community health nurse
working with the state health department and federal vaccine program to coordinate
a response to an outbreak of measles in a migrant population.
Community/Population Level of Practice Example - ANSWER-public health nurses
working with area high schools to give each student a profile of his or her health to
promote nutritional and physical activity lifestyle changes to improve the student's
health.
Individual Level of Practice Example - ANSWER-nurse receives a referral to care for
an individual with a diagnosed mental illness who would require regular monitoring of
his medication compliance to prevent rehospitalization
Core Functions of Public Health - ANSWER-- assessment
- policy development
- assurance of availability
Primary Prevention - ANSWER-- prevention of problem before it occurs
- immunization
Secondary Prevention - ANSWER-- early detection and intervention
- screening for an STD
- for diseases that can be controlled
Tertiary Prevention - ANSWER-- correction and prevention of deterioration of a
disease state
- teaching insulin administration at home
What is the main focus of Public Health? - ANSWER-PREVENTION
What is the main focus of Medicine? - ANSWER-disease management and
diagnosis
Childhood Obesity - ANSWER-- focus on a healthier lifestyle
- reduce the rate the childhood obesity
, - education
What causes more than half of Premature Deaths? - ANSWER-behavior and
environment reasons
What has the greatest influence on Community Health? - ANSWER-behavioral
choices
What are the 3 elements of the Epidemiology Triangle? - ANSWER-- agent
- host
- environment
Epidemiology Triangle - ANSWER-- depends on the extent of the host's exposure to
an agent, the strength or virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or
immunological susceptibility.
- also depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time of exposure
Web of Causation - ANSWER-illustrates the complexity of relationships among
causal variables
Incidence Rate - ANSWER-describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or
condition in a community over a period of time relative to the size of the population at
risk for that disease or condition during that same time period.
Prevalence Rate - ANSWER-the number of all cases of a specific disease or
condition in a population at a given point in time relative to the population at the
same point in time
Endemic - ANSWER-Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds
and pneumonia)
Epidemic - ANSWER-Diseases that are not always present in a population but flare
up on occasion (e.g., diphtheria and measles)
Pandemic - ANSWER-The existence of disease in a large proportion of the
population: a global epidemic (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome, and annual outbreaks of influenza type A)
Chronic vs Acute (prevalence) - ANSWER-chronic always has a higher prevalence
than acute disease
Passive Immunity - ANSWER-- natural contact with antibody
- hep a --) immunoglobin
- through blood or plasma
EXAMPLE: Infant born with temporary antibodies to measles. Temporary or through
colostrum and breast milk
Active Immunity - ANSWER-- Natural contact and infection with the antigen
- acquiring measles
ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Community - ANSWER-- a group of people who share something in common and
interact with one another, who may exhibit a commitment with one another and may
share a geographic boundary
- PRIMARY FOCUS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
Public Health Intervention Wheel: Levels of Practice - ANSWER-- Community
- Individual
- System
System/group Level of Practice Example - ANSWER-community health nurse
working with the state health department and federal vaccine program to coordinate
a response to an outbreak of measles in a migrant population.
Community/Population Level of Practice Example - ANSWER-public health nurses
working with area high schools to give each student a profile of his or her health to
promote nutritional and physical activity lifestyle changes to improve the student's
health.
Individual Level of Practice Example - ANSWER-nurse receives a referral to care for
an individual with a diagnosed mental illness who would require regular monitoring of
his medication compliance to prevent rehospitalization
Core Functions of Public Health - ANSWER-- assessment
- policy development
- assurance of availability
Primary Prevention - ANSWER-- prevention of problem before it occurs
- immunization
Secondary Prevention - ANSWER-- early detection and intervention
- screening for an STD
- for diseases that can be controlled
Tertiary Prevention - ANSWER-- correction and prevention of deterioration of a
disease state
- teaching insulin administration at home
What is the main focus of Public Health? - ANSWER-PREVENTION
What is the main focus of Medicine? - ANSWER-disease management and
diagnosis
Childhood Obesity - ANSWER-- focus on a healthier lifestyle
- reduce the rate the childhood obesity
, - education
What causes more than half of Premature Deaths? - ANSWER-behavior and
environment reasons
What has the greatest influence on Community Health? - ANSWER-behavioral
choices
What are the 3 elements of the Epidemiology Triangle? - ANSWER-- agent
- host
- environment
Epidemiology Triangle - ANSWER-- depends on the extent of the host's exposure to
an agent, the strength or virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or
immunological susceptibility.
- also depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time of exposure
Web of Causation - ANSWER-illustrates the complexity of relationships among
causal variables
Incidence Rate - ANSWER-describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or
condition in a community over a period of time relative to the size of the population at
risk for that disease or condition during that same time period.
Prevalence Rate - ANSWER-the number of all cases of a specific disease or
condition in a population at a given point in time relative to the population at the
same point in time
Endemic - ANSWER-Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds
and pneumonia)
Epidemic - ANSWER-Diseases that are not always present in a population but flare
up on occasion (e.g., diphtheria and measles)
Pandemic - ANSWER-The existence of disease in a large proportion of the
population: a global epidemic (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome, and annual outbreaks of influenza type A)
Chronic vs Acute (prevalence) - ANSWER-chronic always has a higher prevalence
than acute disease
Passive Immunity - ANSWER-- natural contact with antibody
- hep a --) immunoglobin
- through blood or plasma
EXAMPLE: Infant born with temporary antibodies to measles. Temporary or through
colostrum and breast milk
Active Immunity - ANSWER-- Natural contact and infection with the antigen
- acquiring measles
