2026 TESTED QUESTIONS WITH FULL
SOLUTION GRADED A+
◉ Transverse. Answer: Particle vibration is perpendicular to the
direction of propagation
◉ Scalar. Answer: a quantity having only magnitude, not direction
◉ Vector. Answer: A quantity with both magnitude and direction
◉ principle of moments. Answer: When a system is in equilibrium
the sum of anticlockwise moments about a point equals the sum of
the clockwise moments about the same point
◉ Centre of gravity. Answer: The single point within a body at which
the entire weight of the body is considered to act
◉ Terminal Velocity. Answer: The constant, maximum velocity of an
object when the resistive forces on it are equal and opposite to the
accelerating forces
,◉ Hooke's Law. Answer: The tension in a spring or wire is
proportional to its extension from its natural length, provided the
extension is not too great (before elastic deformation)
◉ Spring Constant. Answer: A characteristic of a spring which is
defined as the ratio of the force affecting the spring to the
displacement caused by it
◉ Tensile Stress. Answer: the force per unit cross-sectional area
when equal opposing forces act on a body. UNIT: Pa or Nm^-2.
◉ moment. Answer: The turning effect of a force about a point is
defined as the force x the perpendicular distance from the point to
the line of action of the force UNIT: Nm
◉ Tensile Strain. Answer: extension per unit length (no unit)
◉ Young Modulus. Answer: E=tensile stress/tensile strain (for
hooke's law region)
◉ Amplitude. Answer: the maximum extent of a vibration or
oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium
, ◉ Wavelength. Answer: distance between a point on one wave and
the same point on the next wave
◉ Frequency. Answer: the number of waves produced by a source
each second
◉ superposition. Answer: when two or more waves occupy the same
region then the total displacement at any one point is the vector sum
of their individual displacements at that point
◉ Coherence. Answer: Waves or wave sources, which have a
constant phase difference between them and a similar frequency
◉ Electric current. Answer: This is the rate of flow of electric charge.
I = ∆Q/∆t. Unit: A
◉ Potential difference. Answer: the energy converted from electrical
potential energy to some other form per coulomb of charge flowing
from between two points. Unit: volt (V) [= JC^-1].
◉ emf. Answer: the energy converted from some other form (e.g.
chemical) to electrical potential energy per coulomb of charge
flowing through the source. Unit: volt (V) [= JC^-1].