AQA A LEVEL PHYSICS PAPER 2 FINAL PAPER
2026 TESTED QUESTIONS WITH FULL
SOLUTION GRADED A+
◉ Absolute Zero. Answer: 0K, -273℃.
◉ Temperature. Answer: The measure of the average kinetic energy
of the particles within a substance.
◉ Kinetic Energy. Answer: E= 3/2 kT
◉ Heat Transfer. Answer: The flow of thermal energy from higher
temperature to lower temperature.
◉ Thermal Equilibrium. Answer: The average kinetic energy of the
particles in both are the same, meaning that they have the same
temperature.
There will be a net flow of energy from hot to cold until the objects
reach this.
◉ Heating. Answer: Net flow of energy from hotter to colder object.
,◉ Doing Work. Answer: One body exerts a force on the other and
causes movement (energy transfer).
◉ First Law of Thermodynamics. Answer: Energy can be transferred
and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
◉ ΔU = ΔQ + ΔW. Answer: Change in Internal Energy = energy gained
by heating + energy lost by work done.
◉ Specific Heat Capacity. Answer: the energy required to raise the
temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1℃.
◉ Specific Heat Capacity Experiment. Answer: Immersion heater.
Graph of T against t. Rearrange IVt=mcT. Gradient can be used to
calculate c.
◉ Latent Heat. Answer: The heat energy needed to change the state
pf a substance at a constant temperature. Q = ml
◉ Latent Heat of Fusion. Answer: Solid to Liquid
◉ Latent Heat of Vaporisation. Answer: Liquid to Gas
, ◉ What factors will affect the temperature change of a substance?.
Answer: • The amount of energy supplied.
• The substance.
• The mass of the substance.
◉ Inversion Tube Experiment. Answer: A cardboard tube of length l,
has small lead balls of mass m, inside of it. The initial temperature of
the lead shot is measured and the tube is inverted N times. Each
time the tube is inverted, the GPE lost is converted to internal
energy, N x mgl.
Therefore, Nmgl = mcΔT.
◉ Electrical Methods. Answer: Metal Block - known mass has holes
drilled in to put thermometer and 12v heater in. Assuming all
electrical energy is converted to internal, IVt = mcΔT
Liquids - container and liquid will reach thermal equilibrium.
Assuming all electrical energy is converted to internal,
IVt = mcΔT (of the liquid) + mcΔT (of the container).
◉ Heat Capacity (not specific). Answer: The amount of energy
required to raise the temperature of that particular substance by 1K.
2026 TESTED QUESTIONS WITH FULL
SOLUTION GRADED A+
◉ Absolute Zero. Answer: 0K, -273℃.
◉ Temperature. Answer: The measure of the average kinetic energy
of the particles within a substance.
◉ Kinetic Energy. Answer: E= 3/2 kT
◉ Heat Transfer. Answer: The flow of thermal energy from higher
temperature to lower temperature.
◉ Thermal Equilibrium. Answer: The average kinetic energy of the
particles in both are the same, meaning that they have the same
temperature.
There will be a net flow of energy from hot to cold until the objects
reach this.
◉ Heating. Answer: Net flow of energy from hotter to colder object.
,◉ Doing Work. Answer: One body exerts a force on the other and
causes movement (energy transfer).
◉ First Law of Thermodynamics. Answer: Energy can be transferred
and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
◉ ΔU = ΔQ + ΔW. Answer: Change in Internal Energy = energy gained
by heating + energy lost by work done.
◉ Specific Heat Capacity. Answer: the energy required to raise the
temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1℃.
◉ Specific Heat Capacity Experiment. Answer: Immersion heater.
Graph of T against t. Rearrange IVt=mcT. Gradient can be used to
calculate c.
◉ Latent Heat. Answer: The heat energy needed to change the state
pf a substance at a constant temperature. Q = ml
◉ Latent Heat of Fusion. Answer: Solid to Liquid
◉ Latent Heat of Vaporisation. Answer: Liquid to Gas
, ◉ What factors will affect the temperature change of a substance?.
Answer: • The amount of energy supplied.
• The substance.
• The mass of the substance.
◉ Inversion Tube Experiment. Answer: A cardboard tube of length l,
has small lead balls of mass m, inside of it. The initial temperature of
the lead shot is measured and the tube is inverted N times. Each
time the tube is inverted, the GPE lost is converted to internal
energy, N x mgl.
Therefore, Nmgl = mcΔT.
◉ Electrical Methods. Answer: Metal Block - known mass has holes
drilled in to put thermometer and 12v heater in. Assuming all
electrical energy is converted to internal, IVt = mcΔT
Liquids - container and liquid will reach thermal equilibrium.
Assuming all electrical energy is converted to internal,
IVt = mcΔT (of the liquid) + mcΔT (of the container).
◉ Heat Capacity (not specific). Answer: The amount of energy
required to raise the temperature of that particular substance by 1K.
