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NURS 308 Exam 2 – Questions With Correct
Solutions
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Terms in this set (388)
arteries carries oxygenated blood from the heart
veins returns deoxygenated blood to the heart
superior & inferior vena cava → right path of blood flow through the heart:
atrium → tricuspid valve → right
ventricle → pulmonary semilunar
valve → pulmonary trunk → left &
right pulmonary arteries → lungs →
left & right pulmonary veins → left
atrium → bicuspid valve → left
ventricle → aortic semilunar valve →
aorta → systemic tissues
systole contraction of the heart muscle, results in ejection of
blood from the ventricles
diastole relaxation of the heart muscle, allows for filling of the
ventricles
stroke volume the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with
each heartbeat
cardiac output the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in
one minute
,cardiac output = stroke volume x heart equation for cardiac output:
rate
4 to 8 L/min for the normal adult at rest, cardiac output is
maintained in the range of:
systemic vascular resistance the force opposing the movement of blood; the
pressure in the arteries that the heart has to pump
against to maintain cardiac output
preload the volume of blood stretching the ventricles at the
end of diastole, before the next contraction (how
stretched out the cardiac muscles are in the
ventricles before contraction)
afterload the peripheral resistance against which the left
ventricle must pump (the force that the left ventricle
has to overcome to actually send blood out)
baroreceptors receptors that are sensitive to stretch or pressure
within the arterial system (i.e., detects blood
pressure)
decreased heart rate and peripheral stimulation of baroreceptors (i.e., volume overload)
vasodilation (to decrease blood results in:
pressue)
chemoreceptors receptors that detects changes in carbon dioxide,
oxygen, and pH, causing a change in blood pressure
and respiratory rate
systolic blood pressure the peak pressure exerted against the arteries when
the heart contracts
diastolic blood pressure the residual pressure in the arterial system during
ventricular relaxation or filling
mean arterial pressure (MAP) the average pressure within the arterial system
,MAP = ( SBP + 2 (DBP) ) ÷ 3 equation to calculate the mean arterial pressure
(MAP):
ischemic when the MAP is low for a period of time, vital organs
become:
pulse pressure the difference between the systolic blood pressure
and diastolic blood pressure
pulse pressure = SBP - DBP equation for pulse pressure:
age cardiovascular disease risk factors:
family history
obesity
diet
vitamin D deficiency
tobacco
diabetes
high cholesterol
sedentary lifestyle
stress
metabolic syndrome
narrows the arteries which increases how does high cholesterol (increased plasma lipids)
blood pressure and forms blood clots increase the risk for cardiovascular disease?
that can go to the heart, causing a
heart attack
metabolic syndrome a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart
disease, stroke, and diabetes; include increased
blood pressure, increased blood sugar, excess body
fat around the waist, abnormal cholesterol
right-sided heart failure (fluid volume possible etiology of jugular venous distention:
overload)
prolonged O2 deficiency (chronic possible etiology of clubbing of nail beds:
hypoxia)
, pale with elevation, rubor with describe possible color changes in extremities with
dependency postural changes for a patient with cardiovascular
disease:
incompetent valves in veins possible etiology of varicose veins:
venous thromboembolism, varicose possible etiology of asymmetry in extremities:
veins, lymphedema (a blockage
obstructing blood flow)
dysrhythmias possible etiology of irregular pulses:
atherosclerosis (hardening) possible etiology of rigidity of veins:
S3 extra heart sound that signals excess fluid returning
to the heart due to fluid volume overload
S4 extra heart sounds that signals stiff ventricles due to
damage of the heart muscle
SBP < 120 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg normal blood pressure
SBP 120-129 mmHg and DBP < 80 elevated blood pressure
mmHg
SBP 130-139 mmHg or DBP 80-89 stage 1 hypertension blood pressure
mmHg
SBP > 140 mmHg or DBP > 90 mmHg stage 2 hypertension blood pressure
normal blood pressure identify the blood pressure classification: 118/74
stage 2 hypertension identify the blood pressure classification: 136/92
* based on whichever parameter
meets the higher classification
elevated blood pressure identify the blood pressure classification: 118/82
NURS 308 Exam 2 – Questions With Correct
Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (388)
arteries carries oxygenated blood from the heart
veins returns deoxygenated blood to the heart
superior & inferior vena cava → right path of blood flow through the heart:
atrium → tricuspid valve → right
ventricle → pulmonary semilunar
valve → pulmonary trunk → left &
right pulmonary arteries → lungs →
left & right pulmonary veins → left
atrium → bicuspid valve → left
ventricle → aortic semilunar valve →
aorta → systemic tissues
systole contraction of the heart muscle, results in ejection of
blood from the ventricles
diastole relaxation of the heart muscle, allows for filling of the
ventricles
stroke volume the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with
each heartbeat
cardiac output the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in
one minute
,cardiac output = stroke volume x heart equation for cardiac output:
rate
4 to 8 L/min for the normal adult at rest, cardiac output is
maintained in the range of:
systemic vascular resistance the force opposing the movement of blood; the
pressure in the arteries that the heart has to pump
against to maintain cardiac output
preload the volume of blood stretching the ventricles at the
end of diastole, before the next contraction (how
stretched out the cardiac muscles are in the
ventricles before contraction)
afterload the peripheral resistance against which the left
ventricle must pump (the force that the left ventricle
has to overcome to actually send blood out)
baroreceptors receptors that are sensitive to stretch or pressure
within the arterial system (i.e., detects blood
pressure)
decreased heart rate and peripheral stimulation of baroreceptors (i.e., volume overload)
vasodilation (to decrease blood results in:
pressue)
chemoreceptors receptors that detects changes in carbon dioxide,
oxygen, and pH, causing a change in blood pressure
and respiratory rate
systolic blood pressure the peak pressure exerted against the arteries when
the heart contracts
diastolic blood pressure the residual pressure in the arterial system during
ventricular relaxation or filling
mean arterial pressure (MAP) the average pressure within the arterial system
,MAP = ( SBP + 2 (DBP) ) ÷ 3 equation to calculate the mean arterial pressure
(MAP):
ischemic when the MAP is low for a period of time, vital organs
become:
pulse pressure the difference between the systolic blood pressure
and diastolic blood pressure
pulse pressure = SBP - DBP equation for pulse pressure:
age cardiovascular disease risk factors:
family history
obesity
diet
vitamin D deficiency
tobacco
diabetes
high cholesterol
sedentary lifestyle
stress
metabolic syndrome
narrows the arteries which increases how does high cholesterol (increased plasma lipids)
blood pressure and forms blood clots increase the risk for cardiovascular disease?
that can go to the heart, causing a
heart attack
metabolic syndrome a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart
disease, stroke, and diabetes; include increased
blood pressure, increased blood sugar, excess body
fat around the waist, abnormal cholesterol
right-sided heart failure (fluid volume possible etiology of jugular venous distention:
overload)
prolonged O2 deficiency (chronic possible etiology of clubbing of nail beds:
hypoxia)
, pale with elevation, rubor with describe possible color changes in extremities with
dependency postural changes for a patient with cardiovascular
disease:
incompetent valves in veins possible etiology of varicose veins:
venous thromboembolism, varicose possible etiology of asymmetry in extremities:
veins, lymphedema (a blockage
obstructing blood flow)
dysrhythmias possible etiology of irregular pulses:
atherosclerosis (hardening) possible etiology of rigidity of veins:
S3 extra heart sound that signals excess fluid returning
to the heart due to fluid volume overload
S4 extra heart sounds that signals stiff ventricles due to
damage of the heart muscle
SBP < 120 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg normal blood pressure
SBP 120-129 mmHg and DBP < 80 elevated blood pressure
mmHg
SBP 130-139 mmHg or DBP 80-89 stage 1 hypertension blood pressure
mmHg
SBP > 140 mmHg or DBP > 90 mmHg stage 2 hypertension blood pressure
normal blood pressure identify the blood pressure classification: 118/74
stage 2 hypertension identify the blood pressure classification: 136/92
* based on whichever parameter
meets the higher classification
elevated blood pressure identify the blood pressure classification: 118/82
