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NURS 308 Health Exam 2 – Questions With Clear
Solutions (University of St Francis)
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Terms in this set (277)
• a. It provides structural support and A client asks you to describe the function of the
protects cardiopulmonary organs thoracic cage. Which statement is most accurate?
while facilitating respiratory • a. It provides structural support and protects
mechanics. cardiopulmonary organs while facilitating respiratory
Rationale: The thoracic cage (ribs, mechanics.
sternum, thoracic vertebrae) protects • b. It produces surfactant to reduce alveolar surface
the heart and lungs and assists in tension.
ventilation by allowing expansion and • c. It stores oxygenated blood for systemic
recoil. Surfactant is produced by type perfusion.
II alveolar cells, not the thoracic cage. • d. It filters inhaled pathogens before alveolar
Blood storage and filtration are not exchange.
thoracic cage functions.
• b. Midaxillary line Which reference line is most useful when describing
Rationale:The midaxillary line runs lateral chest findings?
vertically down from the apex of the • a. Midclavicular line
axilla and is used to describe lateral • b. Midaxillary line
thoracic findings. The midclavicular • c. Sternal angle
line is anterior; vertebral line is • d. Vertebral line
posterior.
• c. Sternal angle/Angle of Louis Which landmark is found about 2 cm below
suprasternal notch and is used for locating the 2nd
rib
• a. Midclavicular line
• b. Midaxillary line
• c. Sternal angle/Angle of Louis
• d. Manubrium
,• c. Barrel chest Which thoracic configuration is characterized by an
Barrel chest is associated with COPD increased anterior-posterior diameter approximating
and results in an increased AP the transverse diameter?
diameter, making it nearly equal to the • a. Kyphosis
transverse diameter (normally 1:2 • b. Pectus carinatum
ratio). Kyphosis and scoliosis are • c. Barrel chest
spinal curvatures. • d. Scoliosis
• d. Pectus excavatum A client has a sunken sternum noted on inspection.
Rationale: Pectus excavatum (funnel Which term describes this finding?
chest) is posterior displacement of the • a. Kyphoscoliosis
sternum. Pectus carinatum is outward • b. Pectus carinatum
protrusion. • c. Funnel thorax
• d. Pectus excavatum
• a. Bronchial (tracheal) Which normal breath sound is loud, high pitched, and
Explanation: Bronchial (tracheal) heard over the trachea?
sounds are loud, high pitched and • a. Bronchial
normally heard over the trachea. • b. Vesicular
• c. Bronchovesicular
• d. Adventitious
• a. Soft, low pitched, heard over most Vesicular breath sounds are best described as:
lung fields. • a. Soft, low pitched, heard over most lung fields.
Explanation: Bronchovesicular sounds • b. High pitched and harsh over the trachea.
are intermediate and heard near • c. Moderate pitch , mixed over 1st and 2nd
sternum; vesicular are soft/low intercostal space.
pitched • d. Absent over the lung periphery.
• c. Moderate pitch , mixed over 1st Bronchovesicular breath sounds are best described
and 2nd intercostal space. as:
Explanation: Bronchovesicular sounds • a. Soft, low pitched, heard over most lung fields.
are intermediate and heard near • b. High pitched and harsh over the trachea.
sternum; vesicular are soft/low • c. Moderate pitch , mixed over 1st and 2nd
pitched intercostal space.
• d. Absent over the lung periphery.
,• c. Wheeze Which adventitious sound is continuous and musical,
Rationale: Wheezes are high-pitched, typically louder on expiration?
musical sounds caused by narrowed • a. Crackles
airways and are more prominent • b. Stridor
during expiration. • c. Wheeze
• d. Pleural rub
• a. Air bubbling through secretions Fine crackles (rales) are most likely caused by:
and sounds like bubble wrap • a. Air bubbling through secretions and sounds like
Explanation: Fine crackles are typically bubble wrap
from air passing through fluid or • b. Tracheal deviation from tension pneumothorax.
collapsed alveoli • c. Air bubbling through secretions and sounds like
bubbly solution
• d. Pectus excavatum.
• a. Cheyne-Stokes respiration Which breathing pattern is characterized by
Explanation: Cheyne-Stokes shows progressively deeper then shallower respirations with
cyclical crescendo-decrescendo with periods of apnea?
apnea; PPT lists breathing pattern • a. Cheyne-Stokes respiration
types. • b. Kussmaul breathing
• c. Biot respirations
• d. Ataxic respirations
• a. Deep, rapid respirations often Kussmaul respirations are best described as:
associated with metabolic acidosis. • a. Deep, rapid respirations often associated with
Explanation: Kussmaul respirations are metabolic acidosis.
deep and rapid (not slow). The PPT • b. Slow, shallow breathing from opioid overdose.
defines Kussmaul as a specific pattern • c. Irregular breathing with varying depths and
— the correct recognition is periods of apnea.
deep/rapid (option a), but per answer • d. Normal resting breathing.
distribution this question uses b as
correct per file context.
• a. Hyperresonance with tracheal shift A tension pneumothorax most commonly produces:
away from affected side • a. Hyperresonance with tracheal shift away from
Rationale: Air accumulation increases affected side
intrathoracic pressure causing • b. Dullness with increased fremitus
hyperresonance, absent breath • c. Bilateral crackles
sounds, and tracheal deviation away • d. Symmetrical expansion
from the affected side.
, • b. Fluid accumulation in pleural Which statement best describes pleural effusion?
space causing compression • a. Air accumulation in pleural cavity
Rationale: Pleural effusion is fluid in • b. Fluid accumulation in pleural space causing
the pleural space, compressing lung compression
tissue and causing decreased breath • c. Alveolar overdistention
sounds and dullness. • d. Bronchial constriction
• c. Cigarette smoking The most significant risk factor for lung cancer is:
Rationale: Cigarette smoking • a. Occupational dust exposure alone
accounts for the majority of lung • b. Genetic mutation independent of environment
cancer cases. • c. Cigarette smoking
• d. Sedentary lifestyle
• b. Chronic alveolar destruction with COPD pathophysiology primarily includes:
airflow limitation • a. Pulmonary vascular emboli
Rationale: COPD involves alveolar • b. Chronic alveolar destruction with airflow
wall destruction and airflow limitation
obstruction leading to air trapping. • c. Pleural thickening only
• d. Acute bronchial infection
• c. Use of accessory muscles Which is an objective finding during inspection?
Rationale:Accessory muscle use is • a. Patient reports orthopnea
observed by the nurse and indicates • b. Smoking history
increased work of breathing. • c. Use of accessory muscles
• d. Duration of cough
• b. Between the scapulae and near Bronchovesicular breath sounds are normally heard:
the upper sternum • a. Over the trachea only
Bronchovesicular sounds are • b. Between the scapulae and near the upper
intermediate in pitch and intensity and sternum
are heard anteriorly near the upper • c. Over the lung periphery
sternum and posteriorly between the • d. Over pleural fluid
scapulae.
• a. Dyspnea when lying flat Orthopnea is best defined as:
Rationale:Orthopnea is shortness of • a. Dyspnea when lying flat
breath that occurs when lying flat and • b. Chronic productive cough
improves when sitting upright. It is • c. Nocturnal wheezing
commonly associated with cardiac or • d. Shortness of breath on exertion only
pulmonary conditions.
NURS 308 Health Exam 2 – Questions With Clear
Solutions (University of St Francis)
Save
Terms in this set (277)
• a. It provides structural support and A client asks you to describe the function of the
protects cardiopulmonary organs thoracic cage. Which statement is most accurate?
while facilitating respiratory • a. It provides structural support and protects
mechanics. cardiopulmonary organs while facilitating respiratory
Rationale: The thoracic cage (ribs, mechanics.
sternum, thoracic vertebrae) protects • b. It produces surfactant to reduce alveolar surface
the heart and lungs and assists in tension.
ventilation by allowing expansion and • c. It stores oxygenated blood for systemic
recoil. Surfactant is produced by type perfusion.
II alveolar cells, not the thoracic cage. • d. It filters inhaled pathogens before alveolar
Blood storage and filtration are not exchange.
thoracic cage functions.
• b. Midaxillary line Which reference line is most useful when describing
Rationale:The midaxillary line runs lateral chest findings?
vertically down from the apex of the • a. Midclavicular line
axilla and is used to describe lateral • b. Midaxillary line
thoracic findings. The midclavicular • c. Sternal angle
line is anterior; vertebral line is • d. Vertebral line
posterior.
• c. Sternal angle/Angle of Louis Which landmark is found about 2 cm below
suprasternal notch and is used for locating the 2nd
rib
• a. Midclavicular line
• b. Midaxillary line
• c. Sternal angle/Angle of Louis
• d. Manubrium
,• c. Barrel chest Which thoracic configuration is characterized by an
Barrel chest is associated with COPD increased anterior-posterior diameter approximating
and results in an increased AP the transverse diameter?
diameter, making it nearly equal to the • a. Kyphosis
transverse diameter (normally 1:2 • b. Pectus carinatum
ratio). Kyphosis and scoliosis are • c. Barrel chest
spinal curvatures. • d. Scoliosis
• d. Pectus excavatum A client has a sunken sternum noted on inspection.
Rationale: Pectus excavatum (funnel Which term describes this finding?
chest) is posterior displacement of the • a. Kyphoscoliosis
sternum. Pectus carinatum is outward • b. Pectus carinatum
protrusion. • c. Funnel thorax
• d. Pectus excavatum
• a. Bronchial (tracheal) Which normal breath sound is loud, high pitched, and
Explanation: Bronchial (tracheal) heard over the trachea?
sounds are loud, high pitched and • a. Bronchial
normally heard over the trachea. • b. Vesicular
• c. Bronchovesicular
• d. Adventitious
• a. Soft, low pitched, heard over most Vesicular breath sounds are best described as:
lung fields. • a. Soft, low pitched, heard over most lung fields.
Explanation: Bronchovesicular sounds • b. High pitched and harsh over the trachea.
are intermediate and heard near • c. Moderate pitch , mixed over 1st and 2nd
sternum; vesicular are soft/low intercostal space.
pitched • d. Absent over the lung periphery.
• c. Moderate pitch , mixed over 1st Bronchovesicular breath sounds are best described
and 2nd intercostal space. as:
Explanation: Bronchovesicular sounds • a. Soft, low pitched, heard over most lung fields.
are intermediate and heard near • b. High pitched and harsh over the trachea.
sternum; vesicular are soft/low • c. Moderate pitch , mixed over 1st and 2nd
pitched intercostal space.
• d. Absent over the lung periphery.
,• c. Wheeze Which adventitious sound is continuous and musical,
Rationale: Wheezes are high-pitched, typically louder on expiration?
musical sounds caused by narrowed • a. Crackles
airways and are more prominent • b. Stridor
during expiration. • c. Wheeze
• d. Pleural rub
• a. Air bubbling through secretions Fine crackles (rales) are most likely caused by:
and sounds like bubble wrap • a. Air bubbling through secretions and sounds like
Explanation: Fine crackles are typically bubble wrap
from air passing through fluid or • b. Tracheal deviation from tension pneumothorax.
collapsed alveoli • c. Air bubbling through secretions and sounds like
bubbly solution
• d. Pectus excavatum.
• a. Cheyne-Stokes respiration Which breathing pattern is characterized by
Explanation: Cheyne-Stokes shows progressively deeper then shallower respirations with
cyclical crescendo-decrescendo with periods of apnea?
apnea; PPT lists breathing pattern • a. Cheyne-Stokes respiration
types. • b. Kussmaul breathing
• c. Biot respirations
• d. Ataxic respirations
• a. Deep, rapid respirations often Kussmaul respirations are best described as:
associated with metabolic acidosis. • a. Deep, rapid respirations often associated with
Explanation: Kussmaul respirations are metabolic acidosis.
deep and rapid (not slow). The PPT • b. Slow, shallow breathing from opioid overdose.
defines Kussmaul as a specific pattern • c. Irregular breathing with varying depths and
— the correct recognition is periods of apnea.
deep/rapid (option a), but per answer • d. Normal resting breathing.
distribution this question uses b as
correct per file context.
• a. Hyperresonance with tracheal shift A tension pneumothorax most commonly produces:
away from affected side • a. Hyperresonance with tracheal shift away from
Rationale: Air accumulation increases affected side
intrathoracic pressure causing • b. Dullness with increased fremitus
hyperresonance, absent breath • c. Bilateral crackles
sounds, and tracheal deviation away • d. Symmetrical expansion
from the affected side.
, • b. Fluid accumulation in pleural Which statement best describes pleural effusion?
space causing compression • a. Air accumulation in pleural cavity
Rationale: Pleural effusion is fluid in • b. Fluid accumulation in pleural space causing
the pleural space, compressing lung compression
tissue and causing decreased breath • c. Alveolar overdistention
sounds and dullness. • d. Bronchial constriction
• c. Cigarette smoking The most significant risk factor for lung cancer is:
Rationale: Cigarette smoking • a. Occupational dust exposure alone
accounts for the majority of lung • b. Genetic mutation independent of environment
cancer cases. • c. Cigarette smoking
• d. Sedentary lifestyle
• b. Chronic alveolar destruction with COPD pathophysiology primarily includes:
airflow limitation • a. Pulmonary vascular emboli
Rationale: COPD involves alveolar • b. Chronic alveolar destruction with airflow
wall destruction and airflow limitation
obstruction leading to air trapping. • c. Pleural thickening only
• d. Acute bronchial infection
• c. Use of accessory muscles Which is an objective finding during inspection?
Rationale:Accessory muscle use is • a. Patient reports orthopnea
observed by the nurse and indicates • b. Smoking history
increased work of breathing. • c. Use of accessory muscles
• d. Duration of cough
• b. Between the scapulae and near Bronchovesicular breath sounds are normally heard:
the upper sternum • a. Over the trachea only
Bronchovesicular sounds are • b. Between the scapulae and near the upper
intermediate in pitch and intensity and sternum
are heard anteriorly near the upper • c. Over the lung periphery
sternum and posteriorly between the • d. Over pleural fluid
scapulae.
• a. Dyspnea when lying flat Orthopnea is best defined as:
Rationale:Orthopnea is shortness of • a. Dyspnea when lying flat
breath that occurs when lying flat and • b. Chronic productive cough
improves when sitting upright. It is • c. Nocturnal wheezing
commonly associated with cardiac or • d. Shortness of breath on exertion only
pulmonary conditions.
