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NURS 308 Final Exam – Questions With Precise
Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (158)
Discuss digestion and which substrate, Salivary alpha amylase-enzyme that initiates
proteins, carbohydrates, fats, or amino carbohydrate digestion in mouth
acids take place in the mouth.
The parasympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system stimulates salivary
activity (PANS) effect on salivary glands and atropine (inhibits salvation and makes
glands involves what effect on GI mouth dry), the activation/stimulation increases GI
activity? activity
What is peristalsis? a coordinated, involuntary sequential contraction and
relaxation of the outer longitudinal and inner circular
layers of the intestinal muscles which moves food
along.
How is peristalsis initiated? Stimulated when afferent fibers distributed along the
length of the esophagus sense changes in intestinal
wall tension caused by stretching as food passes. The
greater the tension, the greater the intensity of
contraction
What is the function of gastric glands? Gastric glands- primary secretory units in the
stomach body and fundus. Produce large volumes of
gastric juices including mucus, enzymes, acid,
hormones, intrinsic factor, and gastroferrin.
what do gastric glands secrete? gastric acid/juice, pepsin, and mucus.
,what are gastric glands inhibited by? Somatostatin, unpleasant odor, tastes, rage, fear, and
pain.
how are chief cells regulated? acetylcholine, gastrin, and secretin stimulate chief
cells to release pepsinogen during eating that is
quickly converted to pepsin which breaks down
proteins and forms polypeptides in the stomach
how are parietal cells regulated? production of acid requires transport of hydrogen
and chloride from parietal cells to lumen through
hydrolysis of water. It's stimulated by the vagus nerve,
releases acetylcholine, stimulates gastrin, stimulates
histamine in gastric mucosa which activates h2
receptors on acid secreting parietal cells
lower esophageal sphincter ring of muscles where food passes through cardiac
orifice at the gastroduodenal junction into the
stomach
pyloric sphincter ring of muscles that relaxes as food is propelled from
pylorus into duodenum
Ileocecal valve marks junction between terminal ileum and large
intestine
where are nutrients absorbed in the Jejunum of the small intestine villa villi (finger-like
GI tract? projections that extend from small intestine mucus
and increases its absorption surface area
gastrocolic reflex initiates propulsion in the entire colon, usually after
eating or during when chyme enters from ileum
causing fecal mass to pass rapidly into the sigmoid
colon and rectum, stimulating defecation
Ileocolic reflex inhibits gastric motility when ileum becomes
distended which prevents the continued movement
of chyme into an already distended intestine
, Intestinointestinal reflex inhibits intestinal motility when one part of the
intestine is overdistended
Gastrolienal reflex activated by increase in gastric motility and
secretion, stimulates an increase in ileal motility and
relaxation of the ileocecal valve sphincter, emptying
ileum and preparing it to receive more chyme
regulated by gastrin and cholecystokinin
how much bile is secreted per day? the liver secretes 700-1200 ml per day
what is bile? Bile is alkaline, bitter-tasting, yellowish green fluid
that contains salts, cholesterol, bilirubin(pigment),
electrolytes, and water.
function of chyme Stored in gallbladder and secreted in duodenum via
sphincter of oddi to help neutralize acidity of chyme
and emulsify fats which is stimulated by vagus nerve
What is choleresis? bile secretion to stimulate liver to secrete bile
bile salts compounds in bile are required for intestinal
emulsification and absorption of fats. Actively
absorbed in terminal ileum and returned to the liver
through portal circulation for resection
what is bilirubin? Byproduct of the distribution of aged red blood cells
giving bile that greenish black color and produces a
yellow tinge of jaundice. Absorbed and destroyed by
macrophages of mononuclear phagocytic system in
spleen and liver
breakdown of bilirubin gets deconjugated by bacteria in distal ileum and
colon where it is then converted into urobilinogen,
which is reabsorbed in intestines, excreted in urine as
urobilin. Small amount is eliminating in feces as
stercobilin which contributes to brown pigmentation
NURS 308 Final Exam – Questions With Precise
Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (158)
Discuss digestion and which substrate, Salivary alpha amylase-enzyme that initiates
proteins, carbohydrates, fats, or amino carbohydrate digestion in mouth
acids take place in the mouth.
The parasympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system stimulates salivary
activity (PANS) effect on salivary glands and atropine (inhibits salvation and makes
glands involves what effect on GI mouth dry), the activation/stimulation increases GI
activity? activity
What is peristalsis? a coordinated, involuntary sequential contraction and
relaxation of the outer longitudinal and inner circular
layers of the intestinal muscles which moves food
along.
How is peristalsis initiated? Stimulated when afferent fibers distributed along the
length of the esophagus sense changes in intestinal
wall tension caused by stretching as food passes. The
greater the tension, the greater the intensity of
contraction
What is the function of gastric glands? Gastric glands- primary secretory units in the
stomach body and fundus. Produce large volumes of
gastric juices including mucus, enzymes, acid,
hormones, intrinsic factor, and gastroferrin.
what do gastric glands secrete? gastric acid/juice, pepsin, and mucus.
,what are gastric glands inhibited by? Somatostatin, unpleasant odor, tastes, rage, fear, and
pain.
how are chief cells regulated? acetylcholine, gastrin, and secretin stimulate chief
cells to release pepsinogen during eating that is
quickly converted to pepsin which breaks down
proteins and forms polypeptides in the stomach
how are parietal cells regulated? production of acid requires transport of hydrogen
and chloride from parietal cells to lumen through
hydrolysis of water. It's stimulated by the vagus nerve,
releases acetylcholine, stimulates gastrin, stimulates
histamine in gastric mucosa which activates h2
receptors on acid secreting parietal cells
lower esophageal sphincter ring of muscles where food passes through cardiac
orifice at the gastroduodenal junction into the
stomach
pyloric sphincter ring of muscles that relaxes as food is propelled from
pylorus into duodenum
Ileocecal valve marks junction between terminal ileum and large
intestine
where are nutrients absorbed in the Jejunum of the small intestine villa villi (finger-like
GI tract? projections that extend from small intestine mucus
and increases its absorption surface area
gastrocolic reflex initiates propulsion in the entire colon, usually after
eating or during when chyme enters from ileum
causing fecal mass to pass rapidly into the sigmoid
colon and rectum, stimulating defecation
Ileocolic reflex inhibits gastric motility when ileum becomes
distended which prevents the continued movement
of chyme into an already distended intestine
, Intestinointestinal reflex inhibits intestinal motility when one part of the
intestine is overdistended
Gastrolienal reflex activated by increase in gastric motility and
secretion, stimulates an increase in ileal motility and
relaxation of the ileocecal valve sphincter, emptying
ileum and preparing it to receive more chyme
regulated by gastrin and cholecystokinin
how much bile is secreted per day? the liver secretes 700-1200 ml per day
what is bile? Bile is alkaline, bitter-tasting, yellowish green fluid
that contains salts, cholesterol, bilirubin(pigment),
electrolytes, and water.
function of chyme Stored in gallbladder and secreted in duodenum via
sphincter of oddi to help neutralize acidity of chyme
and emulsify fats which is stimulated by vagus nerve
What is choleresis? bile secretion to stimulate liver to secrete bile
bile salts compounds in bile are required for intestinal
emulsification and absorption of fats. Actively
absorbed in terminal ileum and returned to the liver
through portal circulation for resection
what is bilirubin? Byproduct of the distribution of aged red blood cells
giving bile that greenish black color and produces a
yellow tinge of jaundice. Absorbed and destroyed by
macrophages of mononuclear phagocytic system in
spleen and liver
breakdown of bilirubin gets deconjugated by bacteria in distal ileum and
colon where it is then converted into urobilinogen,
which is reabsorbed in intestines, excreted in urine as
urobilin. Small amount is eliminating in feces as
stercobilin which contributes to brown pigmentation
