IVY TECH APHY ADVANCED PREP PACK
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉special characteristics of epithelium. Answer: lack blood vessels
(avascular) but have nerves (innervated), specialized contacts (cells
are tightly packed with tight junctions and desmosomes), polarity
(apical and basal surface), supported by connective tissue
(basement membrane), regeneration (able to rapidly divide)
◉classification of epithelial tissue. Answer: 1. by arrangement as
simple (one layer) or stratified (more than one layer)
2. by cell shape as squamous, cuboidal, columnar
-stratified epithelia are named according to the shape of the cells in
the apical layer
◉gland. Answer: one or more cells that makes and secretes an
aqueous fluid called a secretion; classified by
1. site of product release—endocrine or exocrine
2. relative number of cells forming the gland
unicellular (e.g., goblet cells) or multicellular
, ◉endocrine glands. Answer: Ductless glands; secrete hormones that
travel through blood and lymph to target cells
◉exocrine glands. Answer: Secrete products into ducts; secretions
released onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities; examples
include mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands
◉goblet cells. Answer: unicellular glands; found in epithelial linings
of intestinal and respiratory tracts; produce mucin
◉primary tissue types. Answer: epithelial (covers), connective
(supports), nervous (controls), muscular (produces movement)
◉ground substance. Answer: unstructured material that fills space
between cells and fibers; composed of interstitial (tissue) fluid, cell
adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans; acts as a molecular sieve
through which nutrients, and other dissolved substances can diffuse
between the blood capillaries and the cells
◉connective tissue classes. Answer: connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone
blood
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉special characteristics of epithelium. Answer: lack blood vessels
(avascular) but have nerves (innervated), specialized contacts (cells
are tightly packed with tight junctions and desmosomes), polarity
(apical and basal surface), supported by connective tissue
(basement membrane), regeneration (able to rapidly divide)
◉classification of epithelial tissue. Answer: 1. by arrangement as
simple (one layer) or stratified (more than one layer)
2. by cell shape as squamous, cuboidal, columnar
-stratified epithelia are named according to the shape of the cells in
the apical layer
◉gland. Answer: one or more cells that makes and secretes an
aqueous fluid called a secretion; classified by
1. site of product release—endocrine or exocrine
2. relative number of cells forming the gland
unicellular (e.g., goblet cells) or multicellular
, ◉endocrine glands. Answer: Ductless glands; secrete hormones that
travel through blood and lymph to target cells
◉exocrine glands. Answer: Secrete products into ducts; secretions
released onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities; examples
include mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands
◉goblet cells. Answer: unicellular glands; found in epithelial linings
of intestinal and respiratory tracts; produce mucin
◉primary tissue types. Answer: epithelial (covers), connective
(supports), nervous (controls), muscular (produces movement)
◉ground substance. Answer: unstructured material that fills space
between cells and fibers; composed of interstitial (tissue) fluid, cell
adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans; acts as a molecular sieve
through which nutrients, and other dissolved substances can diffuse
between the blood capillaries and the cells
◉connective tissue classes. Answer: connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone
blood
