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His 101 Western Civilization - Exam 2 Questions
and Answers (100% Correct Answers)
What aspects did the Church inherit from the Romans?
Ans: Roman organization as a hierarchy, ALL MALE
What things allowed Christianity to continue and grow after the death of Jesus of
Nazareth?
Ans: The apostles spread the faith, especially Paul the Apostle
What was the key office of leadership in the Church? What were their duties? What
class of society did they come from? How did they resemble earlier Roman officials?
Ans: -Key office of leadership of church- the bishops
-Their duties- they controlled property and wealth
-Acted as judges, professional prayers, maintenance, and defense of the city
Which bishop emerged as the most prominent leader of the Christian community?
What was this prominence based on?
Ans: -Most prominent leader of Christian community- Bishop of Rome: the pope
-Prominence of pope based on: nobility and political values
What does "catholic" mean?
Ans: Of, relating to, or forming the ancient undivided Christian church or a church
claiming historical continuity from it
What is asceticism?
Ans: Lifestyle characterized by abstinence from various worldly pleasures, often
with the aim of pursuing religious and spiritual goals
-UNIVERSAL
Who is known as the first Christian ascetic?
Ans: St. Anthony
The clergy emerged as a new class of society. What were some characteristics of this
class?
Ans: -Both political and religious powers
-From elite families
-Educated
,2 Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
-Celibate
-Male
What was the relationship between a member of the clergy and an ordinary lay
person?
Ans: -Clergy maintained power over them
-Religious officer
Before the Gregorian Reform, what was the relationship between the clergy and
nobility? What about the relationship between pope and German emperor?
Ans: Relationship between:
Clergy & Nobility - They worked together and used land to benefit communities, have
access to wealth and power
Pope & German Emperor - Held same powers. Emperor chose the pope based on
political values
What kind of institution was the Church? What does this mean in terms of the
Church's wealth, land-holding, and power?
Ans: -Institution of Church - Religious & political
-Held a lot of power and lands, could use it as business
Why did people give money and gifts to churches and monasteries? What did they
get in return?
Ans: -Gave money & gifts → to gain a position in the church
-In return they got → the chance to gain a position
Before 1059, how was the pope appointed? What about after?
Ans: Before- Pope was chosen by the Holy Roman Emperor or nobles
After- Power shifted to the cardinals
What changes did the Gregorian Reform attempt to make?
Ans: Banish practice of investiture and simony
What was Gregory VII's vision of the role of the papacy? What document expressed
that new role?
Ans: -Gregory's vision - Believed the people of the church should live modestly, hold
the power, and remain celibate
-Document that expressed this - Dictatus Papae
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How did Henry IV respond?
Ans: He refused to follow the Dictatus Papae
What was the "Investiture Conflict?"
Ans: When the Pope and Emperor could not agree on the act of investiture
What happened at Canossa? What did it mean for the papacy, the Church, and the
emperor?
Ans: -At Canossa- Henry comes as a penitent and asked for his excommunication to
be revoked
-Papacy, Church, & Emperor→
What is meant by the term "papal monarchy?"
Ans: -The head of the Catholic Church (the Pope) and the Cardinals being the highest
ranked in the hierarchy
-The Catholic Church is an absolute elected monarchy
How did the relationship between the Church and the State develop over the course
of the Middle Ages?
Ans: Rocky, they could not decide on who should hold that power
What three civilizations are considered the heirs of Rome?
Ans: 1.Byzantium
2.Islamic world (mid east, north africa, spain)
3."Barbaric" Germanic Kingdoms (europe)
What/where is Byzantium? What is it's capital?
Ans: Located in Eastern half of Roman Empire
Capital → Constantinople
When did Byzantium finally fall?
Ans: 1453 AD
What language was spoken in Byzantium?
Ans: Greek
What were some of the ways that Byzantium continued the traditions of the Roman
Empire? What were some of the changes?
Ans: Continued traditions -
-kept primary education (grammar school)
His 101 Western Civilization - Exam 2 Questions
and Answers (100% Correct Answers)
What aspects did the Church inherit from the Romans?
Ans: Roman organization as a hierarchy, ALL MALE
What things allowed Christianity to continue and grow after the death of Jesus of
Nazareth?
Ans: The apostles spread the faith, especially Paul the Apostle
What was the key office of leadership in the Church? What were their duties? What
class of society did they come from? How did they resemble earlier Roman officials?
Ans: -Key office of leadership of church- the bishops
-Their duties- they controlled property and wealth
-Acted as judges, professional prayers, maintenance, and defense of the city
Which bishop emerged as the most prominent leader of the Christian community?
What was this prominence based on?
Ans: -Most prominent leader of Christian community- Bishop of Rome: the pope
-Prominence of pope based on: nobility and political values
What does "catholic" mean?
Ans: Of, relating to, or forming the ancient undivided Christian church or a church
claiming historical continuity from it
What is asceticism?
Ans: Lifestyle characterized by abstinence from various worldly pleasures, often
with the aim of pursuing religious and spiritual goals
-UNIVERSAL
Who is known as the first Christian ascetic?
Ans: St. Anthony
The clergy emerged as a new class of society. What were some characteristics of this
class?
Ans: -Both political and religious powers
-From elite families
-Educated
,2 Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
-Celibate
-Male
What was the relationship between a member of the clergy and an ordinary lay
person?
Ans: -Clergy maintained power over them
-Religious officer
Before the Gregorian Reform, what was the relationship between the clergy and
nobility? What about the relationship between pope and German emperor?
Ans: Relationship between:
Clergy & Nobility - They worked together and used land to benefit communities, have
access to wealth and power
Pope & German Emperor - Held same powers. Emperor chose the pope based on
political values
What kind of institution was the Church? What does this mean in terms of the
Church's wealth, land-holding, and power?
Ans: -Institution of Church - Religious & political
-Held a lot of power and lands, could use it as business
Why did people give money and gifts to churches and monasteries? What did they
get in return?
Ans: -Gave money & gifts → to gain a position in the church
-In return they got → the chance to gain a position
Before 1059, how was the pope appointed? What about after?
Ans: Before- Pope was chosen by the Holy Roman Emperor or nobles
After- Power shifted to the cardinals
What changes did the Gregorian Reform attempt to make?
Ans: Banish practice of investiture and simony
What was Gregory VII's vision of the role of the papacy? What document expressed
that new role?
Ans: -Gregory's vision - Believed the people of the church should live modestly, hold
the power, and remain celibate
-Document that expressed this - Dictatus Papae
, 3 Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
How did Henry IV respond?
Ans: He refused to follow the Dictatus Papae
What was the "Investiture Conflict?"
Ans: When the Pope and Emperor could not agree on the act of investiture
What happened at Canossa? What did it mean for the papacy, the Church, and the
emperor?
Ans: -At Canossa- Henry comes as a penitent and asked for his excommunication to
be revoked
-Papacy, Church, & Emperor→
What is meant by the term "papal monarchy?"
Ans: -The head of the Catholic Church (the Pope) and the Cardinals being the highest
ranked in the hierarchy
-The Catholic Church is an absolute elected monarchy
How did the relationship between the Church and the State develop over the course
of the Middle Ages?
Ans: Rocky, they could not decide on who should hold that power
What three civilizations are considered the heirs of Rome?
Ans: 1.Byzantium
2.Islamic world (mid east, north africa, spain)
3."Barbaric" Germanic Kingdoms (europe)
What/where is Byzantium? What is it's capital?
Ans: Located in Eastern half of Roman Empire
Capital → Constantinople
When did Byzantium finally fall?
Ans: 1453 AD
What language was spoken in Byzantium?
Ans: Greek
What were some of the ways that Byzantium continued the traditions of the Roman
Empire? What were some of the changes?
Ans: Continued traditions -
-kept primary education (grammar school)
