2026 Certified Wound Care Nurse (CWCN
Certification Exam) by WOCNCB New
Latest Version with All 165 Questions and
Answers.
what are the clinical manifestations of incontinence associated dermatitis (IAD)?
areas of body where incontinence will be spread to is observed; risk factors are associated
w/urinary or bowel incontinence (abx, carthartics, hypoalbumina, fecal impaction, IBS,
infection, radiation, fat malabsorption); blistering, shallow irregular patches that's red and
denuded and/or macerated; painful
what are the clinical manifestations of Candidiasis?
occurs in skin folds where moisture is bountiful (intertrigo, pendulous breasts, groin,
perineum, inner thighs -like IAD); associated w/moisture and immunosuppresion;
confluent patchy rash or erythematous papules (raised discoloration) with cheesy-white
exudate; pustules and satellite lesions also seen; itchy, burning discomfort; Potassium
hydroxide preparation scraping (KOH) done for testing
What are the clinical manifestations of Herpes Simplex?
viral condition affecting the genitalia areas (perianal, buttocks, genitals); isolated vesicles
rupture and crusts over
Differentiate IAD, Cutaneous Candidiasis, and Herpes Simplex from pressure ulcer?
,types of lesions, medical hx and location of the conditions assist in diagnosing. Whereas
IAD and Cadidiasis occurs in skin fold areas, Herpes is found in genitalia while PUs occur
over boney prominences. IAD is incontinence related, Candidiasis is associated with
moisture issues and Herpes is a STD. Uniqueness of lesions also depicts type of condition.
IAD is irregular, denuded, blistering; Candidiasis is confluent, patchy, papular, pustular,
cheesy-like exudate; Herpes is isolated blister which eventually ruptures into crust; PUs in
stage II may be confused with the alluded conditions in that it's superficial, partial
thickness wound that's red w/serous blister
whys is albumin and prealbumin an important lab value to know in wound management
and healing?
lab values indicate potential risk for malnutrition. Protein is needed in growth factors to
promote healing. Becasue albumin has a long half life, it foretells muscle
wasting/malnourishement which has been chronic. Albumin level <3.5 is malnourished
(normal is 3.5-5). Conversely, prealbumin has a short half life of 2 days and indicates acute
stage. <19.5 is malnourished (19.5-35.8 normal).
What does transferrin lab value a good indicator of?
iron deficiency
Are the the interpretations of BMI for underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity?
> 18.5kg =underweight
18.5-24.9=normal
25-29.9=overweight
30 and > is obesity
,What % of body weight is considered significant weight loss?
5 % or greater w/in 30 days (1 month) or 10% or greater w/in 180 days (6 months)
Which nutritional element is needed for angeogenesis, collagen synthesis/remodeling,
immune fx and serves as precursor to nitric oxide and wound contraction?
protein
How much protein is necessary per kg, for wound healing?
1.25-1.5kg/body weight
which vitamin assists in angiogenesis and epithealization?
Vitamin A; this also helps with collagen synthesis
which vitamin assists in collagen synthesis, immune function, fibroblast function, and
enchances activation of leukocytes and macrophages and essential in cell wall integrity?
Vitamin C
which mineral is needed for protein synthesis?
zinc
how many calories are needed per kg for sufficiency?
, 30-35kcal/body weight
what lab values help identify patients who are malnourished and need nutritional support
for wound healing?
weight(<18.5 is underweight, need 30-35kcal/weight, significant weight loss =5% w/in 30
days or 10% w/in 180 days); prealbumin (<19.5=malnourished and 19.5-35.8=normal), and
albumin(<3.5 =malnourished and 3.5-5=normal)
What the the acroynm TIME used for?
used as principle for wound bed preparation
What does TIME stand for?
tissue, nonviable; infection/inflammation; moisture balance; edge of wound
Explain the pathophysiology of moisture balance?
dessication slows epithelial cell migration, excessive fluid causes maceration of wound
margins; application of moisture-balance dressing, compressions; edema is controlled,
epithelial cell migration is restored, maceration avoided
Explain the pathophysiology of nonviable tissue on a wound bed?
defective matrix and cell debris impairs healing. Debridement restores functional
extracellular matrix proteins; viable wound base restored
Certification Exam) by WOCNCB New
Latest Version with All 165 Questions and
Answers.
what are the clinical manifestations of incontinence associated dermatitis (IAD)?
areas of body where incontinence will be spread to is observed; risk factors are associated
w/urinary or bowel incontinence (abx, carthartics, hypoalbumina, fecal impaction, IBS,
infection, radiation, fat malabsorption); blistering, shallow irregular patches that's red and
denuded and/or macerated; painful
what are the clinical manifestations of Candidiasis?
occurs in skin folds where moisture is bountiful (intertrigo, pendulous breasts, groin,
perineum, inner thighs -like IAD); associated w/moisture and immunosuppresion;
confluent patchy rash or erythematous papules (raised discoloration) with cheesy-white
exudate; pustules and satellite lesions also seen; itchy, burning discomfort; Potassium
hydroxide preparation scraping (KOH) done for testing
What are the clinical manifestations of Herpes Simplex?
viral condition affecting the genitalia areas (perianal, buttocks, genitals); isolated vesicles
rupture and crusts over
Differentiate IAD, Cutaneous Candidiasis, and Herpes Simplex from pressure ulcer?
,types of lesions, medical hx and location of the conditions assist in diagnosing. Whereas
IAD and Cadidiasis occurs in skin fold areas, Herpes is found in genitalia while PUs occur
over boney prominences. IAD is incontinence related, Candidiasis is associated with
moisture issues and Herpes is a STD. Uniqueness of lesions also depicts type of condition.
IAD is irregular, denuded, blistering; Candidiasis is confluent, patchy, papular, pustular,
cheesy-like exudate; Herpes is isolated blister which eventually ruptures into crust; PUs in
stage II may be confused with the alluded conditions in that it's superficial, partial
thickness wound that's red w/serous blister
whys is albumin and prealbumin an important lab value to know in wound management
and healing?
lab values indicate potential risk for malnutrition. Protein is needed in growth factors to
promote healing. Becasue albumin has a long half life, it foretells muscle
wasting/malnourishement which has been chronic. Albumin level <3.5 is malnourished
(normal is 3.5-5). Conversely, prealbumin has a short half life of 2 days and indicates acute
stage. <19.5 is malnourished (19.5-35.8 normal).
What does transferrin lab value a good indicator of?
iron deficiency
Are the the interpretations of BMI for underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity?
> 18.5kg =underweight
18.5-24.9=normal
25-29.9=overweight
30 and > is obesity
,What % of body weight is considered significant weight loss?
5 % or greater w/in 30 days (1 month) or 10% or greater w/in 180 days (6 months)
Which nutritional element is needed for angeogenesis, collagen synthesis/remodeling,
immune fx and serves as precursor to nitric oxide and wound contraction?
protein
How much protein is necessary per kg, for wound healing?
1.25-1.5kg/body weight
which vitamin assists in angiogenesis and epithealization?
Vitamin A; this also helps with collagen synthesis
which vitamin assists in collagen synthesis, immune function, fibroblast function, and
enchances activation of leukocytes and macrophages and essential in cell wall integrity?
Vitamin C
which mineral is needed for protein synthesis?
zinc
how many calories are needed per kg for sufficiency?
, 30-35kcal/body weight
what lab values help identify patients who are malnourished and need nutritional support
for wound healing?
weight(<18.5 is underweight, need 30-35kcal/weight, significant weight loss =5% w/in 30
days or 10% w/in 180 days); prealbumin (<19.5=malnourished and 19.5-35.8=normal), and
albumin(<3.5 =malnourished and 3.5-5=normal)
What the the acroynm TIME used for?
used as principle for wound bed preparation
What does TIME stand for?
tissue, nonviable; infection/inflammation; moisture balance; edge of wound
Explain the pathophysiology of moisture balance?
dessication slows epithelial cell migration, excessive fluid causes maceration of wound
margins; application of moisture-balance dressing, compressions; edema is controlled,
epithelial cell migration is restored, maceration avoided
Explain the pathophysiology of nonviable tissue on a wound bed?
defective matrix and cell debris impairs healing. Debridement restores functional
extracellular matrix proteins; viable wound base restored
