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Pediatric Nursing Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers)
Pertussis: Signs & Symptoms of Catarrhal Stage
Ans: Lasts 1-2 weeks; URI similar to common cold; mild cough; coryza; sneezing;
low-grade fever (<101°F)
Pertussis: Signs & Symptoms of Paroxysmal Stage
Ans: Lasts 2-4 weeks; coughing accompanied by a red face and protruding tongue;
absent or minimal fever; persistent paroxysmal cough ending with an inspiratory
"whoop"; cyanosis, sweating, prostration, and exhausting from coughing;
conjunctival hemorrhage and facial petechiae resulting from the force of the cough;
saliva, mucus, and tears may flow from mouth, nose, and eyes during the cough;
vomiting may accompany coughing
Pertussis: Signs & Symptoms of Convalescent Stage
Ans: Lasts 3 weeks-6 months; symptoms diminish during this stage; coughing
becomes less severe; paroxysms and whoops slowly disappear; cough may persist for
months and is aggravated by physical stress and respiratory irritants (can't go back
to sports immediately)
Pertussis: Diagnosis
Ans: C&S of B. pertussis taken from a swab of nasopharyngeal secretions; blood test
with profound lymphocytosis (>70% of WBC count); incomplete or absent pertussis
vaccination
Pertussis: Nursing Care
Ans: supportive; limit the number of irritants and paroxysms; observe severity of
cough; rest, nutrition, fluids; droplet precautions; monitor vital signs and oxygen
saturation; record coughing, feeding, vomiting, weight changes
Pertussis: Education
Ans: no special diet required; child can participate in regular activities and play as
much as tolerated once not infectious; follow-up checkups
Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Signs & Symptoms
Ans: may be asymptomatic; low-grade fever; mild cough; night sweats; flu-like
symptoms (that may resolve within a week); anorexia and weight loss as disease
progresses
Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Diagnosis
Ans: skin testing; if positive skin test, will need x-ray; acid fast basillium (AFB) test;
positive C&S of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum, urine; gastric lavage; spinal
fluid
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Nursing Care
Ans: supportive; check LFT; emphasize good hand washing, proper tissue disposal;
if serious, may need hospitalization; rest nutrition, hydration; antipyretics if fever;
avoid exposure to others; assist in C&S specimens for diagnosis
Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Education
Ans: Medication regimen and how to take medications; precautionary measures to
prevent latent infection; regular follow-up visits; get everyone in family tested
Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Medications
Ans: INH (9-month course); Vitamin B6 (because of neuropathy); Rifampin
Influenza: Signs & Symptoms
Ans: abrupt onset of fever (can be up to 105.1°F --> febrile seizures, dehydration);
facial flushing; chills; headache; myalgia; malaise; anorexia; diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting; cough; coryza; dry or sore throat; photophobia, tearing, burning and eye
pain may occur;
Influenza: Complications
Ans: include severe viral pneumonia, encephalitis, and secondary bacterial
infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia
Influenza: Medication
Ans: Tamiflu (oseltamivir) - can be given after 2 weeks of age, must start within 48
hours of symptoms
Influenza: Diagnosis
Ans: laboratory test may isolate virus from nasopharynx if done early; symptoms of
fever, malaise, respiratory illness in colder months
Influenza: Nursing Care
Ans: supportive; rest, nutrition, hydration, antipyretics
Influenza: Education
Ans: Ensure adequate rest, nutrition, hydration, antipyretics; remind importance of
flu vaccine; frequent hand washing; cover mouth and nose when sneezing or
coughing; properly dispose of tissues; avoid contact with people who may be
infected
Fifth's Disease: Signs & Symptoms
Ans: facial red rash as if the cheeks were slapped; rash spreads to trunk and
extremities; sore throat; headache; fever may occur; rash may reappear after <4
months with heat
Fifth's Disease: Diagnosis
Ans: made through clinical appearance of signs and symptoms; caused by human
parvovirus B19
Pediatric Nursing Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers)
Pertussis: Signs & Symptoms of Catarrhal Stage
Ans: Lasts 1-2 weeks; URI similar to common cold; mild cough; coryza; sneezing;
low-grade fever (<101°F)
Pertussis: Signs & Symptoms of Paroxysmal Stage
Ans: Lasts 2-4 weeks; coughing accompanied by a red face and protruding tongue;
absent or minimal fever; persistent paroxysmal cough ending with an inspiratory
"whoop"; cyanosis, sweating, prostration, and exhausting from coughing;
conjunctival hemorrhage and facial petechiae resulting from the force of the cough;
saliva, mucus, and tears may flow from mouth, nose, and eyes during the cough;
vomiting may accompany coughing
Pertussis: Signs & Symptoms of Convalescent Stage
Ans: Lasts 3 weeks-6 months; symptoms diminish during this stage; coughing
becomes less severe; paroxysms and whoops slowly disappear; cough may persist for
months and is aggravated by physical stress and respiratory irritants (can't go back
to sports immediately)
Pertussis: Diagnosis
Ans: C&S of B. pertussis taken from a swab of nasopharyngeal secretions; blood test
with profound lymphocytosis (>70% of WBC count); incomplete or absent pertussis
vaccination
Pertussis: Nursing Care
Ans: supportive; limit the number of irritants and paroxysms; observe severity of
cough; rest, nutrition, fluids; droplet precautions; monitor vital signs and oxygen
saturation; record coughing, feeding, vomiting, weight changes
Pertussis: Education
Ans: no special diet required; child can participate in regular activities and play as
much as tolerated once not infectious; follow-up checkups
Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Signs & Symptoms
Ans: may be asymptomatic; low-grade fever; mild cough; night sweats; flu-like
symptoms (that may resolve within a week); anorexia and weight loss as disease
progresses
Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Diagnosis
Ans: skin testing; if positive skin test, will need x-ray; acid fast basillium (AFB) test;
positive C&S of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum, urine; gastric lavage; spinal
fluid
, 2 Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Nursing Care
Ans: supportive; check LFT; emphasize good hand washing, proper tissue disposal;
if serious, may need hospitalization; rest nutrition, hydration; antipyretics if fever;
avoid exposure to others; assist in C&S specimens for diagnosis
Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Education
Ans: Medication regimen and how to take medications; precautionary measures to
prevent latent infection; regular follow-up visits; get everyone in family tested
Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Medications
Ans: INH (9-month course); Vitamin B6 (because of neuropathy); Rifampin
Influenza: Signs & Symptoms
Ans: abrupt onset of fever (can be up to 105.1°F --> febrile seizures, dehydration);
facial flushing; chills; headache; myalgia; malaise; anorexia; diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting; cough; coryza; dry or sore throat; photophobia, tearing, burning and eye
pain may occur;
Influenza: Complications
Ans: include severe viral pneumonia, encephalitis, and secondary bacterial
infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia
Influenza: Medication
Ans: Tamiflu (oseltamivir) - can be given after 2 weeks of age, must start within 48
hours of symptoms
Influenza: Diagnosis
Ans: laboratory test may isolate virus from nasopharynx if done early; symptoms of
fever, malaise, respiratory illness in colder months
Influenza: Nursing Care
Ans: supportive; rest, nutrition, hydration, antipyretics
Influenza: Education
Ans: Ensure adequate rest, nutrition, hydration, antipyretics; remind importance of
flu vaccine; frequent hand washing; cover mouth and nose when sneezing or
coughing; properly dispose of tissues; avoid contact with people who may be
infected
Fifth's Disease: Signs & Symptoms
Ans: facial red rash as if the cheeks were slapped; rash spreads to trunk and
extremities; sore throat; headache; fever may occur; rash may reappear after <4
months with heat
Fifth's Disease: Diagnosis
Ans: made through clinical appearance of signs and symptoms; caused by human
parvovirus B19
