PNP301 Test 3 Questions and Correct
Answers| Latest Update
What is shock?
Widespread abnormal cellular metabolism that occurs when the human need for
oxygenation and tissue perfusion is not met to the level needed to maintain cell
function.
What is tissue perfusion?
blood flow through body tissues
What is shock the result of?
decreased circulating blood volume leading to decreased tissue perfusion and
general hypoxia
Why is shock considered a syndrome?
Identified through S&S
Because the cellular, tissue, and organ events that occur in response to its
presence happen in a predictable sequence.
What type of response is usually triggered when someone goes into shock?
whole-body
,What are main initial manifestations of shock? (2)
- hypotension
- anaerobic cellular metabolism
What is hypovolemic shock?
extensive loss of blood/ fluid volume
What commonly causes hypovolemic shock?
Commonly caused by hemorrhage (external or internal) and dehydration
(diarrhea/vomiting)
What is cardiogenic shock?
Occurs when the heart is damaged and unable to supply sufficient blood to the
body
What is vasogenic shock?
caused by sepsis, deep anesthesia, or anaphylaxis
circulatory failure resulting from vasodilation
What is sepsis?
- systemic inflammatory response to documented or suspected infection
- presence of tissue perfusion abnormalities
,What is anaphylaxis?
-Severe allergic reaction
- Massive vasodilation
- Increased capillary permeability
What are clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis?
- Anxiety, confusion, dizziness
- Sense of impending doom
- Chest pain
- Incontinence
- Swelling of the lips and tongue, angioedema
- wheezing
- respiratory distress and circulatory failure
What is neurogenic shock?
Hemodynamic phenomenon that can occur within 30 minutes of a spinal cord
injury at the fifth thoracic (T5) vertebra or above and can last up to 6 weeks.
- spinal cord injury
- opioid overdose
Sequence of Neurogenic Shock
- loss of sympathetic tone
, - venous and arterial vasodilation
- decreased BP
- decreased venous return
- decreased stroke volume
- decreased cardiac output
- decreased cellular oxygen supply
- decreased tissue perfusion
- impaired cellular metabolism
What is poikilothermia?
inability to regulate body temperature
taking on the temperature of the environment
Stages of Circulatory Shock
1) compensatory
2) progressive
3) decompensated/refractory
What is the difference between relative and absolute hypovolemia?
absolute = reduction in total circulating blood volume
relative = decrease in the effective circulating blood volume (ex sepsis)
Answers| Latest Update
What is shock?
Widespread abnormal cellular metabolism that occurs when the human need for
oxygenation and tissue perfusion is not met to the level needed to maintain cell
function.
What is tissue perfusion?
blood flow through body tissues
What is shock the result of?
decreased circulating blood volume leading to decreased tissue perfusion and
general hypoxia
Why is shock considered a syndrome?
Identified through S&S
Because the cellular, tissue, and organ events that occur in response to its
presence happen in a predictable sequence.
What type of response is usually triggered when someone goes into shock?
whole-body
,What are main initial manifestations of shock? (2)
- hypotension
- anaerobic cellular metabolism
What is hypovolemic shock?
extensive loss of blood/ fluid volume
What commonly causes hypovolemic shock?
Commonly caused by hemorrhage (external or internal) and dehydration
(diarrhea/vomiting)
What is cardiogenic shock?
Occurs when the heart is damaged and unable to supply sufficient blood to the
body
What is vasogenic shock?
caused by sepsis, deep anesthesia, or anaphylaxis
circulatory failure resulting from vasodilation
What is sepsis?
- systemic inflammatory response to documented or suspected infection
- presence of tissue perfusion abnormalities
,What is anaphylaxis?
-Severe allergic reaction
- Massive vasodilation
- Increased capillary permeability
What are clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis?
- Anxiety, confusion, dizziness
- Sense of impending doom
- Chest pain
- Incontinence
- Swelling of the lips and tongue, angioedema
- wheezing
- respiratory distress and circulatory failure
What is neurogenic shock?
Hemodynamic phenomenon that can occur within 30 minutes of a spinal cord
injury at the fifth thoracic (T5) vertebra or above and can last up to 6 weeks.
- spinal cord injury
- opioid overdose
Sequence of Neurogenic Shock
- loss of sympathetic tone
, - venous and arterial vasodilation
- decreased BP
- decreased venous return
- decreased stroke volume
- decreased cardiac output
- decreased cellular oxygen supply
- decreased tissue perfusion
- impaired cellular metabolism
What is poikilothermia?
inability to regulate body temperature
taking on the temperature of the environment
Stages of Circulatory Shock
1) compensatory
2) progressive
3) decompensated/refractory
What is the difference between relative and absolute hypovolemia?
absolute = reduction in total circulating blood volume
relative = decrease in the effective circulating blood volume (ex sepsis)
