CSET MULTIPLE SUBJECTS SUBTEST
1 READING LANGUAGE AND
LITERATURE
LANGUAGE-ACQUISITION---ans-✔✔Almost-every-human-child-succeeds-in-learning-
language.-The-most-complex-skill-that-a-human-being-will-ever-master.-Nearly-all-people-
succeed-in-learning-this-complex-skill-demonstrates-how-well-language-has-adapted-to-
human-nature.-Language-is-the-complete-expression-of-what-it-means-to-be-human.
Basic-Components-of-Human-Language---ans-✔✔1.Phonology
2.Semantics
3.Grammar:-
4.Pragmatics:-
5.Morphology:-
6.Syntax:
phonology---ans-✔✔The-study-of-the-sound-system-of-a-given-language-and-the-analysis-
and-classification-of-its-phonemes.
Semantics---ans-✔✔The-system-of-meanings-that-are-expressed-by-words-and-phrases.-
In-order-to-serve-as-a-means-of-communication-between-people,-words-must-have-a-
shared-or-conventional-meaning.-Picking-out-the-correct-meaning-for-each-new-word-is-a-
major-learning-task-for-children.
Grammer---ans-✔✔The-system-of-rules-by-which-words-and-phrases-are-arranged-to-
make-meaningful-statements.-Children-need-to-learn-how-to-use-the-ordering-of-words-to-
mark-grammatical-functions-such-as-subject-or-direct-object.
Pragmatics---ans-✔✔The-field-of-study-that-emphasizes-how-language-is-used-in-specific-
situations-to-accomplish-goals
Morphology---ans-✔✔The-study-of-word-formation-and-structure.
Syntax---ans-✔✔The-grammatical-arrangement-of-words-in-sentences;the-rules-for-
combining-words-into-grammatically-sensible-sentences-in-a-given-language,
Methods-for-Studying-Language-Acquisition---ans-✔✔1.-Recording-and-transcribing-what-
children-say.-
2.-Researchers-can-HABITUATE
,3.-Children-can-be-shown-pictures-of-toys-along-with-their-name
Methods-for-Studying-Language-Acquision---ans-✔✔4.-Children-can-be-asked-to-answer-
questions,-
5.-repeat-sentences
6.-judgments-about-grammar.
Reasons-for-Studying-Language-Acquisition---ans-✔✔Having-obtained-a-set-of-data-from-
children-or-their-parents,-researchers-next-need-to-group-these-data-into-measures-of-
particular-types-of-language-skills,-such-as-vocabulary,-sentences,-concepts,-or-
conversational-
abilities.
What-is-Language?---ans-✔✔Language-is-the-human-capacity-for-acquiring-and-using-
complex-systems-of-communication.
Linguistics---ans-✔✔The-scientific-study-of-language-is-called-linguistics.
How-Many-Language-are-there?---ans-✔✔Number-of-languages-and-dialects.-estimates-
vary-between-around-6,000-and-7,000-languages
What-does-Human-Language-Rely-on?---ans-✔✔social-convention-and-learning.
How-did-Language-originate?---ans-✔✔Language-is-thought-to-have-originated-when-
early-hominins-first-started-cooperating,-gradually-changing-their-primate-communication-
systems-as-they-acquired-the-ability-to-form-a-theory-of-other-minds-and-shared-
intentionality.The-use-of-language-is-deeply-entrenched-in-human-culture.
Where-is-Language-processed-in-the-brain?---ans-✔✔Language-is-processed-in-many-
different-locations-in-the-human-brain,-but-especially-in-Broca's-and-Wernicke's-areas.
How-do-humans-acquire-language?---ans-✔✔Humans-acquire-language-through-social-
interaction-in-early-childhood.-Children-generally-speak-fluently-when-they-are-around-
three-years-old.
What-are-the-social-and-cultural-uses-of-Language?---ans-✔✔Signifying-group-identity,-
social-stratification,-as-well-as-for-social-grooming-and-entertainment.
Semiosis---ans-✔✔To-relate-signs-with-particular-meanings.-Languages-rely-on-the-
process-of-semiosis.
How-are-languages-Systematic?---ans-✔✔All-languages-have-systems.
Phonological-system---ans-✔✔Governs-how-symbols-are-used-to-form-sequences-known-
as-words-or-morphemes.
, Universality-of-Linguistic-Structures-or-Languages---ans-✔✔All-languages-are-systemic-
All-languages-are-conventional-
All-languages-are-redundant.
All-languages-change.
How-are-languages-Conventional?---ans-✔✔It-means-that-everyone-speaks-the-
language-the-same-way.-All-of-a-certain-item-has-one-name.
How-are-languages-Redundant?---ans-✔✔It-means-that-all-languages-say-the-same-
things-twice-(e.g.-subject-verb-agreement.)
How-do-languages-Change?---ans-✔✔Languages-never-stay-the-same.-New-words-are-
added,-their-is-a-loss-of-words,-or-both.
Syntactic-System---ans-✔✔A-system-of-rules-and-structures-which-governs-how-words-
and-morphemes-are-combined-to-form-phrases-and-utterances.
Potential-For-Differences-among-Languages---ans-✔✔Languages-evolve-and-diversify-
over-time,-and-the-history-of-their-evolution-can-be-reconstructed-by-comparing-modern-
languages-to-determine-which-traits-their-ancestral-languages-must-have-had-for-the-later-
stages-to-have-occurred.
What-is-a-Language-Family?---ans-✔✔A-group-of-languages-that-descend-from-a-
common-ancestor-is-known-as-a-language-family.
olondo-European-Language-Family---ans-✔✔English,-Spanish,-Portuguese,-Russian-
and-Hindi.
Sino-Tibetan-language-Family---ans-✔✔Mandarin-Chinese,-Cantonese-and-many-others
Semitic-language-Family---ans-✔✔Arabic,-Amharic-and-Hebrew
oBantu-language-Family---ans-✔✔which-include-Swahili,-Zulu,-Shona-and-hundreds-of-
other-languages-spoken-throughout-Africa.
What-are-the-properties-of-Human-Language---ans-✔✔Human-language-has-the-
properties-of-productivity,-recursivity,-and-displacement.
First-Language-Acquisition---ans-✔✔BABBLING-(0.6-1.0,-ma-ma-ma),-1-word-
HOLOPHRASES(1.0-2.0,-baba,-ka),-2-word-UTTERANCES(2.0-2.6),-TELEGRAPHIC-3-
9-words,-Mama-sit-down-ground,-ALMOST-ADULT-LIKE-3-to-5-years--I-better-go-check-&-
see-what-Papa's-doing
Phoneme---ans-✔✔The-smallest-unit-of-sound-that-affects-the-meaning-of-speech.
1 READING LANGUAGE AND
LITERATURE
LANGUAGE-ACQUISITION---ans-✔✔Almost-every-human-child-succeeds-in-learning-
language.-The-most-complex-skill-that-a-human-being-will-ever-master.-Nearly-all-people-
succeed-in-learning-this-complex-skill-demonstrates-how-well-language-has-adapted-to-
human-nature.-Language-is-the-complete-expression-of-what-it-means-to-be-human.
Basic-Components-of-Human-Language---ans-✔✔1.Phonology
2.Semantics
3.Grammar:-
4.Pragmatics:-
5.Morphology:-
6.Syntax:
phonology---ans-✔✔The-study-of-the-sound-system-of-a-given-language-and-the-analysis-
and-classification-of-its-phonemes.
Semantics---ans-✔✔The-system-of-meanings-that-are-expressed-by-words-and-phrases.-
In-order-to-serve-as-a-means-of-communication-between-people,-words-must-have-a-
shared-or-conventional-meaning.-Picking-out-the-correct-meaning-for-each-new-word-is-a-
major-learning-task-for-children.
Grammer---ans-✔✔The-system-of-rules-by-which-words-and-phrases-are-arranged-to-
make-meaningful-statements.-Children-need-to-learn-how-to-use-the-ordering-of-words-to-
mark-grammatical-functions-such-as-subject-or-direct-object.
Pragmatics---ans-✔✔The-field-of-study-that-emphasizes-how-language-is-used-in-specific-
situations-to-accomplish-goals
Morphology---ans-✔✔The-study-of-word-formation-and-structure.
Syntax---ans-✔✔The-grammatical-arrangement-of-words-in-sentences;the-rules-for-
combining-words-into-grammatically-sensible-sentences-in-a-given-language,
Methods-for-Studying-Language-Acquisition---ans-✔✔1.-Recording-and-transcribing-what-
children-say.-
2.-Researchers-can-HABITUATE
,3.-Children-can-be-shown-pictures-of-toys-along-with-their-name
Methods-for-Studying-Language-Acquision---ans-✔✔4.-Children-can-be-asked-to-answer-
questions,-
5.-repeat-sentences
6.-judgments-about-grammar.
Reasons-for-Studying-Language-Acquisition---ans-✔✔Having-obtained-a-set-of-data-from-
children-or-their-parents,-researchers-next-need-to-group-these-data-into-measures-of-
particular-types-of-language-skills,-such-as-vocabulary,-sentences,-concepts,-or-
conversational-
abilities.
What-is-Language?---ans-✔✔Language-is-the-human-capacity-for-acquiring-and-using-
complex-systems-of-communication.
Linguistics---ans-✔✔The-scientific-study-of-language-is-called-linguistics.
How-Many-Language-are-there?---ans-✔✔Number-of-languages-and-dialects.-estimates-
vary-between-around-6,000-and-7,000-languages
What-does-Human-Language-Rely-on?---ans-✔✔social-convention-and-learning.
How-did-Language-originate?---ans-✔✔Language-is-thought-to-have-originated-when-
early-hominins-first-started-cooperating,-gradually-changing-their-primate-communication-
systems-as-they-acquired-the-ability-to-form-a-theory-of-other-minds-and-shared-
intentionality.The-use-of-language-is-deeply-entrenched-in-human-culture.
Where-is-Language-processed-in-the-brain?---ans-✔✔Language-is-processed-in-many-
different-locations-in-the-human-brain,-but-especially-in-Broca's-and-Wernicke's-areas.
How-do-humans-acquire-language?---ans-✔✔Humans-acquire-language-through-social-
interaction-in-early-childhood.-Children-generally-speak-fluently-when-they-are-around-
three-years-old.
What-are-the-social-and-cultural-uses-of-Language?---ans-✔✔Signifying-group-identity,-
social-stratification,-as-well-as-for-social-grooming-and-entertainment.
Semiosis---ans-✔✔To-relate-signs-with-particular-meanings.-Languages-rely-on-the-
process-of-semiosis.
How-are-languages-Systematic?---ans-✔✔All-languages-have-systems.
Phonological-system---ans-✔✔Governs-how-symbols-are-used-to-form-sequences-known-
as-words-or-morphemes.
, Universality-of-Linguistic-Structures-or-Languages---ans-✔✔All-languages-are-systemic-
All-languages-are-conventional-
All-languages-are-redundant.
All-languages-change.
How-are-languages-Conventional?---ans-✔✔It-means-that-everyone-speaks-the-
language-the-same-way.-All-of-a-certain-item-has-one-name.
How-are-languages-Redundant?---ans-✔✔It-means-that-all-languages-say-the-same-
things-twice-(e.g.-subject-verb-agreement.)
How-do-languages-Change?---ans-✔✔Languages-never-stay-the-same.-New-words-are-
added,-their-is-a-loss-of-words,-or-both.
Syntactic-System---ans-✔✔A-system-of-rules-and-structures-which-governs-how-words-
and-morphemes-are-combined-to-form-phrases-and-utterances.
Potential-For-Differences-among-Languages---ans-✔✔Languages-evolve-and-diversify-
over-time,-and-the-history-of-their-evolution-can-be-reconstructed-by-comparing-modern-
languages-to-determine-which-traits-their-ancestral-languages-must-have-had-for-the-later-
stages-to-have-occurred.
What-is-a-Language-Family?---ans-✔✔A-group-of-languages-that-descend-from-a-
common-ancestor-is-known-as-a-language-family.
olondo-European-Language-Family---ans-✔✔English,-Spanish,-Portuguese,-Russian-
and-Hindi.
Sino-Tibetan-language-Family---ans-✔✔Mandarin-Chinese,-Cantonese-and-many-others
Semitic-language-Family---ans-✔✔Arabic,-Amharic-and-Hebrew
oBantu-language-Family---ans-✔✔which-include-Swahili,-Zulu,-Shona-and-hundreds-of-
other-languages-spoken-throughout-Africa.
What-are-the-properties-of-Human-Language---ans-✔✔Human-language-has-the-
properties-of-productivity,-recursivity,-and-displacement.
First-Language-Acquisition---ans-✔✔BABBLING-(0.6-1.0,-ma-ma-ma),-1-word-
HOLOPHRASES(1.0-2.0,-baba,-ka),-2-word-UTTERANCES(2.0-2.6),-TELEGRAPHIC-3-
9-words,-Mama-sit-down-ground,-ALMOST-ADULT-LIKE-3-to-5-years--I-better-go-check-&-
see-what-Papa's-doing
Phoneme---ans-✔✔The-smallest-unit-of-sound-that-affects-the-meaning-of-speech.
