NR 566 Midterm and Final Exam
Review: Advanced Pharmacology
for Care of the Family 2026 |, Exams
of Nursing
CNS -rash -liver damage -efavirenz is teratogenic NRTIs -
ANSWER//ABACAVIR [ZIAGEN], DIDANOSINE [VIDEX], EMTRICITABINE
[EMTRIVA], LAMIVUDINE [EPIVIR], STAVUDINE [ZERIT], TENOFOVIR
[VIREAD], AND ZIDOVUDINE [RETROVIR] Adverse effects: -lactic acidosis -
hepatic steatosis -pancreatitis -myopathies Recommended lab testing for
patients receiving HIV therapy - ANSWER//-HIV serology and load -CD4
count -resistance testing -Heb B serology -Hep C screening -BMP -LFT -CVC
-lipid -A1C -urinalysis -pregnancy test Which NRTI can cause severe anemia
and neutropenia? - ANSWER//Zidovudine Patients positive for HLA-B 5701
should never receive what antiretroviral? - ANSWER//Abacavir Are
antiretrovirals recommended for HIV-infected pregnancy women? -
ANSWER//Yes, to lower the viral load and decrease the risk of perinatal
transmission •Etravirine, nevirapine, and Rilpivirine are among the safest
drugs in this category NRTIS patient education - ANSWER//-adhere closely to
the prescribed dosing schedule -avoid taking any OTC drugs or supplements
without checking with provider -all NRTIs except Didanosine (30 min before
meals or 2 hrs after) may be taken without regard to meals -even when HIV
RRNA is undetectable, they are still infectious and hence should avoid
behaviors that can transmit HIV -hypersensitivity that are possible with
abacavir Protease inhibitors - ANSWER//Atazanavir [Reyataz], darunavir
[Prezista], fosamprenavir [Lexiva, Telzir], indinavir [Crixivan], lopinavir with
ritonavir [Kaletra], nelfinavir [Viracept], ritonavir [Norvir], saquinavir [Invirase],
and tipranavir [Aptivus What medical conditions may appear after 2 months of
protease inhibitor use? - ANSWER//-hyperlipidemia -new onset diabetes -
monitor blood glucose and lipid levels q 3-4 months Adverse effects of PIs -
ANSWER//-hyperglycemia and development of diabetes, lipodystrophy Why is
there an increased risk for dangerous drug interactions with most PIs? -
ANSWER//metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, and all PIs can inhibit
selected cytochrome P450 enzymes PI patient education - ANSWER//-s/s to
monitor -diet -herbal supplements to avoid T or F: Breastfeeeding should not
be discouraged in HIV + women because HIV has already been transmitted to
the baby - ANSWER//F WHAT IS THE FDA APPROVED PREP
MEDICATION AND HOW OFTEN SHOULD PATIENTS TAKE IT? -
ANSWER//-TENOFOVIR/EMTRICITABINE [TRUVADA] REMAINS THE
ONLY FDA-APPROVED DRUG FOR PREP -IT SHOULD BE TAKEN ONCE
DAILY FOR AS LONG AS THE RISK FOR ACQUIRING HIV IS PRESENT
WHO DOES CDC DEFINE AS HIGH-RISK FOR HIV ACQUISITION? -
ANSWER//HIGH-RISK: SEXUAL PARTNERS WITH KNOWN HIV-1
INFECTION OR ARE SEXUALLY ACTIVE WITH PEOPLE WHO BELONG
TO SOCIAL NETWORKS WITH HIGH HIV-1 PREVALENCE AND HAVE
ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING RISK FACTORS: •DO NOT USE
, CONDOMS REGULARLY •HAVE STI •ENGAGE IN SEX FOR MONEY,
DRUGS, OR OTHER SUPPLIES—PROSTITUTION •USE RECREATIONAL
DRUGS OR ARE DEPENDENT ON ALCOHOL •ARE IMPRISONED WHEN
SHOULD POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS BE INITIATED? -
ANSWER//•POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PEP) SHOULD BE
INITIATED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER HIV EXPOSURE
•PREFERABLY WITHIN 1 OR 2 HOURS, AND NO LATER THAN 72 HOURS
•SHOULD CONTINUE FOR 28 DAYS •ALL PATIENTS SHOULD UNDERGO
TESTING FOR ANTIBODIES AGAINST HIV, PREFERABLY AT THE TIME
OF EXPOSURE, AND THEN 6 WEEKS, 12 WEEKS, AND 6 MONTHS
AFTER EXPOSURE PREP regiment - ANSWER//1. TENOFOVIR
DISOPROXIL FUMARATE 300 MG PLUS 2. EMTRICITABINE 200 MG
ONCE DAILY PLUS EITHER •RALTEGRAVIR 400 MG BID OR
DOLUTEGRAVIR 50 MG ONCE DAILY ENFUVIRTIDE IS APPROVED FOR
CHILDREN AGE ______ AND OLDER. - ANSWER//6 Helminths that infect
humans - ANSWER//Nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes Which two
medications require close blood pressure monitoring when on
antihypertensive to monitor for hypotension? - ANSWER//ivermectin and
moxidectin Which medication is not safe for a patient with seizures? -
ANSWER//praziquantel WHAT IS THE SAFEST ANTIHELMINTH IN
PREGNANT WOMEN? - ANSWER//•PRAZIQUANTEL •IF BREASTFEEDING
WAIT 72 HOURS TO USE MILK AS LARGE AMOUNT IS EXCRETED IN
BREAST MILK •MOXIDECTIN HAS ALSO DEMONSTRATED APPARENT
SAFETY, HOWEVER IT WAS ONLY APPROVED IN JUNE 2018 AND POST
MARKETING STUDIES ARE UNAVAILABLE WHY IS TREATMENT OF
HELMINTHIASIS NOT ALWAYS INDICATED? - ANSWER//MOST
PARASITIC WORMS DO NOT REPRODUCE IN THE HUMAN BODY SO
INFESTATION WILL CLEAR ONCE ADULT WORMS DIE Five major species
of intestinal nematodes - ANSWER//1. Giant roundworm (ascariasis) 1.
Pinworm (enterobiasis) 1. Hookworm (ancylostomiasis and Necatoriasis) 1.
Whipworm (trichuriasis) 1. Threadworm (strongyloidiasis) Drug of choice for
nematodes? - ANSWER//Mebendazole (Emverm and Vermox) Why should
Ascariasis (Giant roundworm) always be treated? - ANSWER//•Often
asymptomatic •Serious complications may result if worms migrate into the
pancreatic duct, bile duct, gallbladder, or liver •Intestinal blockage may occur
if heavy infestation What is the most common helminthic infestation in the
U.S.? - ANSWER//Enterobiasis (Pinworm Infestation Drug of choice for
Ancylostomiasis and Necatoriasis (Hookworm infestation)? -
ANSWER//Albendazole and Mebendazole Why is hookworm infestation
associated with chronic blood loss and anemia? - ANSWER//Will attach to
intestine and suck blood which leads to blood loss and anemia Drug or choice
for Tichuriasis (whipworm infestation)? - ANSWER//Albendazole What can
whipworm cause in children? - ANSWER//Infestation can cause iron
deficiency anemia and impaired cognitive development Drug of choice for
Strongyloidiasis (Threadworm Infestation)? - ANSWER//ivermectin Why
should threadworm infestation always be treated? - ANSWER//can cause
vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, secondary to
bacteremia, possible death Mazotti Reaction - ANSWER//-allergic and
inflammatory response to the death of O. volvulus (nematode) rather than a
reaction to the drug -Mazotti-type reactions do not occur in patients treated for
Review: Advanced Pharmacology
for Care of the Family 2026 |, Exams
of Nursing
CNS -rash -liver damage -efavirenz is teratogenic NRTIs -
ANSWER//ABACAVIR [ZIAGEN], DIDANOSINE [VIDEX], EMTRICITABINE
[EMTRIVA], LAMIVUDINE [EPIVIR], STAVUDINE [ZERIT], TENOFOVIR
[VIREAD], AND ZIDOVUDINE [RETROVIR] Adverse effects: -lactic acidosis -
hepatic steatosis -pancreatitis -myopathies Recommended lab testing for
patients receiving HIV therapy - ANSWER//-HIV serology and load -CD4
count -resistance testing -Heb B serology -Hep C screening -BMP -LFT -CVC
-lipid -A1C -urinalysis -pregnancy test Which NRTI can cause severe anemia
and neutropenia? - ANSWER//Zidovudine Patients positive for HLA-B 5701
should never receive what antiretroviral? - ANSWER//Abacavir Are
antiretrovirals recommended for HIV-infected pregnancy women? -
ANSWER//Yes, to lower the viral load and decrease the risk of perinatal
transmission •Etravirine, nevirapine, and Rilpivirine are among the safest
drugs in this category NRTIS patient education - ANSWER//-adhere closely to
the prescribed dosing schedule -avoid taking any OTC drugs or supplements
without checking with provider -all NRTIs except Didanosine (30 min before
meals or 2 hrs after) may be taken without regard to meals -even when HIV
RRNA is undetectable, they are still infectious and hence should avoid
behaviors that can transmit HIV -hypersensitivity that are possible with
abacavir Protease inhibitors - ANSWER//Atazanavir [Reyataz], darunavir
[Prezista], fosamprenavir [Lexiva, Telzir], indinavir [Crixivan], lopinavir with
ritonavir [Kaletra], nelfinavir [Viracept], ritonavir [Norvir], saquinavir [Invirase],
and tipranavir [Aptivus What medical conditions may appear after 2 months of
protease inhibitor use? - ANSWER//-hyperlipidemia -new onset diabetes -
monitor blood glucose and lipid levels q 3-4 months Adverse effects of PIs -
ANSWER//-hyperglycemia and development of diabetes, lipodystrophy Why is
there an increased risk for dangerous drug interactions with most PIs? -
ANSWER//metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, and all PIs can inhibit
selected cytochrome P450 enzymes PI patient education - ANSWER//-s/s to
monitor -diet -herbal supplements to avoid T or F: Breastfeeeding should not
be discouraged in HIV + women because HIV has already been transmitted to
the baby - ANSWER//F WHAT IS THE FDA APPROVED PREP
MEDICATION AND HOW OFTEN SHOULD PATIENTS TAKE IT? -
ANSWER//-TENOFOVIR/EMTRICITABINE [TRUVADA] REMAINS THE
ONLY FDA-APPROVED DRUG FOR PREP -IT SHOULD BE TAKEN ONCE
DAILY FOR AS LONG AS THE RISK FOR ACQUIRING HIV IS PRESENT
WHO DOES CDC DEFINE AS HIGH-RISK FOR HIV ACQUISITION? -
ANSWER//HIGH-RISK: SEXUAL PARTNERS WITH KNOWN HIV-1
INFECTION OR ARE SEXUALLY ACTIVE WITH PEOPLE WHO BELONG
TO SOCIAL NETWORKS WITH HIGH HIV-1 PREVALENCE AND HAVE
ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING RISK FACTORS: •DO NOT USE
, CONDOMS REGULARLY •HAVE STI •ENGAGE IN SEX FOR MONEY,
DRUGS, OR OTHER SUPPLIES—PROSTITUTION •USE RECREATIONAL
DRUGS OR ARE DEPENDENT ON ALCOHOL •ARE IMPRISONED WHEN
SHOULD POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS BE INITIATED? -
ANSWER//•POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PEP) SHOULD BE
INITIATED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER HIV EXPOSURE
•PREFERABLY WITHIN 1 OR 2 HOURS, AND NO LATER THAN 72 HOURS
•SHOULD CONTINUE FOR 28 DAYS •ALL PATIENTS SHOULD UNDERGO
TESTING FOR ANTIBODIES AGAINST HIV, PREFERABLY AT THE TIME
OF EXPOSURE, AND THEN 6 WEEKS, 12 WEEKS, AND 6 MONTHS
AFTER EXPOSURE PREP regiment - ANSWER//1. TENOFOVIR
DISOPROXIL FUMARATE 300 MG PLUS 2. EMTRICITABINE 200 MG
ONCE DAILY PLUS EITHER •RALTEGRAVIR 400 MG BID OR
DOLUTEGRAVIR 50 MG ONCE DAILY ENFUVIRTIDE IS APPROVED FOR
CHILDREN AGE ______ AND OLDER. - ANSWER//6 Helminths that infect
humans - ANSWER//Nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes Which two
medications require close blood pressure monitoring when on
antihypertensive to monitor for hypotension? - ANSWER//ivermectin and
moxidectin Which medication is not safe for a patient with seizures? -
ANSWER//praziquantel WHAT IS THE SAFEST ANTIHELMINTH IN
PREGNANT WOMEN? - ANSWER//•PRAZIQUANTEL •IF BREASTFEEDING
WAIT 72 HOURS TO USE MILK AS LARGE AMOUNT IS EXCRETED IN
BREAST MILK •MOXIDECTIN HAS ALSO DEMONSTRATED APPARENT
SAFETY, HOWEVER IT WAS ONLY APPROVED IN JUNE 2018 AND POST
MARKETING STUDIES ARE UNAVAILABLE WHY IS TREATMENT OF
HELMINTHIASIS NOT ALWAYS INDICATED? - ANSWER//MOST
PARASITIC WORMS DO NOT REPRODUCE IN THE HUMAN BODY SO
INFESTATION WILL CLEAR ONCE ADULT WORMS DIE Five major species
of intestinal nematodes - ANSWER//1. Giant roundworm (ascariasis) 1.
Pinworm (enterobiasis) 1. Hookworm (ancylostomiasis and Necatoriasis) 1.
Whipworm (trichuriasis) 1. Threadworm (strongyloidiasis) Drug of choice for
nematodes? - ANSWER//Mebendazole (Emverm and Vermox) Why should
Ascariasis (Giant roundworm) always be treated? - ANSWER//•Often
asymptomatic •Serious complications may result if worms migrate into the
pancreatic duct, bile duct, gallbladder, or liver •Intestinal blockage may occur
if heavy infestation What is the most common helminthic infestation in the
U.S.? - ANSWER//Enterobiasis (Pinworm Infestation Drug of choice for
Ancylostomiasis and Necatoriasis (Hookworm infestation)? -
ANSWER//Albendazole and Mebendazole Why is hookworm infestation
associated with chronic blood loss and anemia? - ANSWER//Will attach to
intestine and suck blood which leads to blood loss and anemia Drug or choice
for Tichuriasis (whipworm infestation)? - ANSWER//Albendazole What can
whipworm cause in children? - ANSWER//Infestation can cause iron
deficiency anemia and impaired cognitive development Drug of choice for
Strongyloidiasis (Threadworm Infestation)? - ANSWER//ivermectin Why
should threadworm infestation always be treated? - ANSWER//can cause
vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, secondary to
bacteremia, possible death Mazotti Reaction - ANSWER//-allergic and
inflammatory response to the death of O. volvulus (nematode) rather than a
reaction to the drug -Mazotti-type reactions do not occur in patients treated for
