PHC 6001: Final Exam Questions with
All Correct Answers 2026 Updated.
Which of the following statements about experimental studies is not correct?
a. The exposure or treatment is not controlled by the investigator
b. The person doing the research controls the exposure
c. Study participants are usually randomly assigned to comparison groups
d. A treatment and its side effects are evaluated - Answer a. The exposure or treatment is
not controlled by the investigator
In an experimental study, I'm selecting controls by assigning people admitted to the hospital on
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday to treatment group A, and those admitted on Tuesday,
Thursday, and Saturday to treatment group B. This selection of study subjects is:
a. Non-randomized
b. Randomized
c. Not easy to manipulate
d. One that eliminates selection bias - Answer a. Non-randomized
An analysis that includes all subjects who were randomized to the treatment and comparison
groups, regardless of whether they received or completed their assigned study protocol, is:
a. Run-in period
b. Efficacy Analysis
c. Intent-to-treat analysis
d. Comparability - Answer c. Intent-to-treat analysis
I'm conducting a randomized trial and it is essential that my two groups are comparable by age
and gender. The best way to ensure that this happens is to:
a. Randomly assign subjects to treatment groups from the whole population
b. Personally choose exactly which people will be in each treatment group
c. Assign all the women to the treatment group and all the men to the comparison group
d. Stratify by age and gender before randomizing - Answer d. Stratify by age and gender
before randomizing
,An experimental study was conducted among adults with Type 2 diabetes in order to determine
if a new medication was more effective in reducing blood glucose levels than the currently used
medication. What type of experimental study is this?
a. Individual preventive
b. Individual therapeutic
c. Community preventive
d. Community therapeutic - Answer b. Individual therapeutic
The Health Professionals Cohort Study began in 2005 in order to evaluate a series of hypotheses
about men's health relating nutritional factors to the incidence of serious illnesses such as
cancer, heart disease, and other vascular diseases. Every two years, members of the study will
receive surveys with questions about diseases and health-related topics like smoking, physical
activity, and medications taken. The surveys that ask detailed dietary information will be
administered in four-year intervals. What kind of cohort study is this?
a. Ambidirectional
b. Prospective
c. Experimental
d. Retrospective - Answer b. Prospective
Answer "yes" or "no" to state whether a cohort study is best suited for each of the following
scenarios:
a. When little is known about a rare exposure:
b. When little is known about a rare disease:
c. When the study population will be difficult to follow:
d. When you want to learn about multiple effects of an exposure: - Answer a. Yes
b. No
c. No
d. Yes
T/F: The ideal comparison group in a cohort study would, if possible, consist of exactly the same
individuals in the exposed group had they not been exposed. - Answer True
A current study that examines lead exposure and prenatal outcomes in a group of women from
1960 to 1980 would be considered what type of cohort study?
, a. Retrospective cohort study
b. Prospective cohort study
c. Ambidirectional cohort study
d. Concurrent cohort study - Answer a. Retrospective cohort study
It is critical to reduce loss to follow up as much as possible in a cohort study because:
a. Loss to follow-up is a waste of money
b. Loss to follow-up will affect the reputation of the researcher
c. Loss to follow-up can affect the validity of a study - Answer c. Loss to follow-up can affect
the validity of a study
You are leading a research team to study the association between infection with Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of oral cancer in Florida. You opt to carry out a case-
control study. Which of the following is an advantage of this study design over a cohort study?
a. It provides temporal information on the exposure and outcome
b. It uses relative risk as an outcome measurement
c. It is efficient for rare diseases
d. It is more expensive to conduct than a cohort study - Answer c. It is efficient for rare
diseases
You are leading a research team to study the association between infection with Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of oral cancer in Florida. You opt to carry out a case-
control study. For your Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cancer study, you are able to
recruit cases for your study from the Florida Cancer Registry. All of the following are ways that
you can recruit controls, except:
a. Door-to-door recruitment
b. Randomization of cases
c. Random digit dialing
d. Selection of hospital patients - Answer b. Randomization of cases
You are leading a research team to study the association between infection with Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of oral cancer in Florida. For your Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cancer study case control study, you enroll 263 cases and 981
controls. There are 58 of your cases who test positive for HPV and there are 146 of your controls
All Correct Answers 2026 Updated.
Which of the following statements about experimental studies is not correct?
a. The exposure or treatment is not controlled by the investigator
b. The person doing the research controls the exposure
c. Study participants are usually randomly assigned to comparison groups
d. A treatment and its side effects are evaluated - Answer a. The exposure or treatment is
not controlled by the investigator
In an experimental study, I'm selecting controls by assigning people admitted to the hospital on
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday to treatment group A, and those admitted on Tuesday,
Thursday, and Saturday to treatment group B. This selection of study subjects is:
a. Non-randomized
b. Randomized
c. Not easy to manipulate
d. One that eliminates selection bias - Answer a. Non-randomized
An analysis that includes all subjects who were randomized to the treatment and comparison
groups, regardless of whether they received or completed their assigned study protocol, is:
a. Run-in period
b. Efficacy Analysis
c. Intent-to-treat analysis
d. Comparability - Answer c. Intent-to-treat analysis
I'm conducting a randomized trial and it is essential that my two groups are comparable by age
and gender. The best way to ensure that this happens is to:
a. Randomly assign subjects to treatment groups from the whole population
b. Personally choose exactly which people will be in each treatment group
c. Assign all the women to the treatment group and all the men to the comparison group
d. Stratify by age and gender before randomizing - Answer d. Stratify by age and gender
before randomizing
,An experimental study was conducted among adults with Type 2 diabetes in order to determine
if a new medication was more effective in reducing blood glucose levels than the currently used
medication. What type of experimental study is this?
a. Individual preventive
b. Individual therapeutic
c. Community preventive
d. Community therapeutic - Answer b. Individual therapeutic
The Health Professionals Cohort Study began in 2005 in order to evaluate a series of hypotheses
about men's health relating nutritional factors to the incidence of serious illnesses such as
cancer, heart disease, and other vascular diseases. Every two years, members of the study will
receive surveys with questions about diseases and health-related topics like smoking, physical
activity, and medications taken. The surveys that ask detailed dietary information will be
administered in four-year intervals. What kind of cohort study is this?
a. Ambidirectional
b. Prospective
c. Experimental
d. Retrospective - Answer b. Prospective
Answer "yes" or "no" to state whether a cohort study is best suited for each of the following
scenarios:
a. When little is known about a rare exposure:
b. When little is known about a rare disease:
c. When the study population will be difficult to follow:
d. When you want to learn about multiple effects of an exposure: - Answer a. Yes
b. No
c. No
d. Yes
T/F: The ideal comparison group in a cohort study would, if possible, consist of exactly the same
individuals in the exposed group had they not been exposed. - Answer True
A current study that examines lead exposure and prenatal outcomes in a group of women from
1960 to 1980 would be considered what type of cohort study?
, a. Retrospective cohort study
b. Prospective cohort study
c. Ambidirectional cohort study
d. Concurrent cohort study - Answer a. Retrospective cohort study
It is critical to reduce loss to follow up as much as possible in a cohort study because:
a. Loss to follow-up is a waste of money
b. Loss to follow-up will affect the reputation of the researcher
c. Loss to follow-up can affect the validity of a study - Answer c. Loss to follow-up can affect
the validity of a study
You are leading a research team to study the association between infection with Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of oral cancer in Florida. You opt to carry out a case-
control study. Which of the following is an advantage of this study design over a cohort study?
a. It provides temporal information on the exposure and outcome
b. It uses relative risk as an outcome measurement
c. It is efficient for rare diseases
d. It is more expensive to conduct than a cohort study - Answer c. It is efficient for rare
diseases
You are leading a research team to study the association between infection with Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of oral cancer in Florida. You opt to carry out a case-
control study. For your Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cancer study, you are able to
recruit cases for your study from the Florida Cancer Registry. All of the following are ways that
you can recruit controls, except:
a. Door-to-door recruitment
b. Randomization of cases
c. Random digit dialing
d. Selection of hospital patients - Answer b. Randomization of cases
You are leading a research team to study the association between infection with Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of oral cancer in Florida. For your Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cancer study case control study, you enroll 263 cases and 981
controls. There are 58 of your cases who test positive for HPV and there are 146 of your controls
