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APEA 3P EXAM REVIEW – WEEK 2
NURSING 6023 | UPDATED 2026
Advanced Physical Assessment, Pathophysiology, & Pharmacology
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
Category Details
NURSING 6023 – APEA 3P (Advanced Physical Assessment,
Course
Pathophysiology, & Pharmacology)
Focus Week 2 – Cardiopulmonary, Hematologic, and Renal Systems
Format High-yield outlines, tables, practice questions, and clinical pearls
Practice
30 with detailed rationales
Questions
,2|Page
Category Details
Target Exam APEA 3P Certification / Nurse Practitioner Board Review
Updated For 2026-2027 Academic Year
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Cardiovascular System Review
2. Pulmonary System Review
3. Hematologic System Review
4. Renal System Review
5. Pharmacology High-Yield Agents
6. Practice Questions with Rationales
7. Clinical Pearls & Mnemonics
1. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM REVIEW
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1.1 Heart Sounds & Murmurs
Sound Timing Location Clinical Significance
Closure of AV valves; loud in
Beginning of Apex (mitral),
S1 hypertension, thin chest; soft in CHF,
systole LLSB (tricuspid)
obesity
Closure of semilunar
Base (aortic,
S2 End of systole valves; physiologic splitting on
pulmonic)
inspiration
S3 (Ventricular Volume overload (CHF, pregnancy,
Early diastole Apex
gallop) MR, TR) – "Ken-tuck-y"
S4 (Atrial Pressure overload (HTN, AS, HCM) –
Late diastole Apex
gallop) "Ten-nes-see"
Pericardial Systole &
LLSB Pericarditis (scratchy, triphasic)
friction rub diastole
1.2 Murmur Characteristics
, 4|Page
Murmur Timing Location Radiation Sound Manuever
Crescendo-
Aortic Stenosis Systolic 2nd R ↓ with
Carotids decrescendo,
(AS) ejection ICS squatting
harsh
Mitral
Blowing, high- ↑ with
Regurgitation Holosystolic Apex Axilla
pitched handgrip
(MR)
Opening snap,
Mitral Stenosis ↑ with
Diastolic Apex None low-pitched
(MS) exercise
rumble
Aortic
2nd R Decrescendo, ↑ with leaning
Regurgitation Diastolic LLSB
ICS blowing forward
(AR)
1.3 Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP)
• Normal: < 4 cm above sternal angle
APEA 3P EXAM REVIEW – WEEK 2
NURSING 6023 | UPDATED 2026
Advanced Physical Assessment, Pathophysiology, & Pharmacology
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
Category Details
NURSING 6023 – APEA 3P (Advanced Physical Assessment,
Course
Pathophysiology, & Pharmacology)
Focus Week 2 – Cardiopulmonary, Hematologic, and Renal Systems
Format High-yield outlines, tables, practice questions, and clinical pearls
Practice
30 with detailed rationales
Questions
,2|Page
Category Details
Target Exam APEA 3P Certification / Nurse Practitioner Board Review
Updated For 2026-2027 Academic Year
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Cardiovascular System Review
2. Pulmonary System Review
3. Hematologic System Review
4. Renal System Review
5. Pharmacology High-Yield Agents
6. Practice Questions with Rationales
7. Clinical Pearls & Mnemonics
1. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM REVIEW
,3|Page
1.1 Heart Sounds & Murmurs
Sound Timing Location Clinical Significance
Closure of AV valves; loud in
Beginning of Apex (mitral),
S1 hypertension, thin chest; soft in CHF,
systole LLSB (tricuspid)
obesity
Closure of semilunar
Base (aortic,
S2 End of systole valves; physiologic splitting on
pulmonic)
inspiration
S3 (Ventricular Volume overload (CHF, pregnancy,
Early diastole Apex
gallop) MR, TR) – "Ken-tuck-y"
S4 (Atrial Pressure overload (HTN, AS, HCM) –
Late diastole Apex
gallop) "Ten-nes-see"
Pericardial Systole &
LLSB Pericarditis (scratchy, triphasic)
friction rub diastole
1.2 Murmur Characteristics
, 4|Page
Murmur Timing Location Radiation Sound Manuever
Crescendo-
Aortic Stenosis Systolic 2nd R ↓ with
Carotids decrescendo,
(AS) ejection ICS squatting
harsh
Mitral
Blowing, high- ↑ with
Regurgitation Holosystolic Apex Axilla
pitched handgrip
(MR)
Opening snap,
Mitral Stenosis ↑ with
Diastolic Apex None low-pitched
(MS) exercise
rumble
Aortic
2nd R Decrescendo, ↑ with leaning
Regurgitation Diastolic LLSB
ICS blowing forward
(AR)
1.3 Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP)
• Normal: < 4 cm above sternal angle
