GI - Clin Med QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2026

GI - Clin Med QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS UPDATED 2026
AM38MyearMoldMfemaleMcomesMintoMtheMEmergencyMroomMcomplainingMofMpain/difficul
tyMswallowing.MWhileMdoingMaMphysicalMexam,MyouMnoticeMmediastinalMemphysemaMisM
presentMwhichMisMknownMasMHamman'sMSign.MWhatMisMthisMpatientMmostMlikelyMexper
iencing?M-MAnswerMEsophagealMRupture



ThisMesophagealMdiverticulaMisMmostMcommonlyMcausedMbyMchronicMinflammationMandMi
sMlocatedMnearMtheMmidpointMofMtheMesophagus.M-MAnswerMMid-esophagealMdiverticula



WhatMbenignMgastricMneoplasmMhappensMsporadicallyMandMisMassociatedMwithMfamilialM
adenomatousMpolyposisM(FAP)?



A.)MFundicMglandMpolyps

B.)MInflammatoryM&MhyperplasticMpolyps

C.)MGastricMadenomaM-MAnswerMa



WhatMisMtheMmostMcommonMcauseMofMhealthcareMacquiredMdiarrhea?

A.)MVibrioMcholerae

B.)MClostridiumMdifficile

C.)MS.Menteritidis

D.)MSalmonellaMtyphiM-MAnswerMb



WhatMisMtheMmostMappropriateMtreatmentMforMaMpatientMthatMcomesMintoMtheMclinic
MyouMareMworkingMatMwhoMhasMchronicMhepatitisMC?M-
MAnswerMDirectMactingMantivirals



WhatMhepaticMneoplasmMpresentsMwithMaMsingleMmassMinMtheMrightMlobeMandMuponM
biopsy,MthereMisMaMthinlyMencapsulatedMnodularMlesion.

A.)MHepaticMAdenoma

B.)MHepatocellularMcarcinoma

C.)MHepatoblastoma

D.)MHepaticMHemangiomaM-MAnswerMc

,WhatMrareMcongenitalMabnormalityMofMtheMpancreasMconsistsMofMaMringMofMpancreatic
MtissueMaroundMtheMdescendingMportionMofMtheMduodenum?M-
MAnswerMAnnularMpancreas



AM22MyearMoldMmaleMpatientMisMseeingMyouMtodayMwhoMhasMbeenMexperiencingMabd
ominalMpainMassociatedMwithMconstipationMandMfeelingMveryManxious.MHeMstatedMthatM
theMpainMusuallyMgetsMbetterMafterMdefecationMandMthatMhisMstoolMchangesMoften.MHe
MisMalsoMexperiencingMsomeMbelching/bloatingMsymptomsMasMwell.MWhatMisMtheMfirstMl
ineMdietaryMtreatmentMthatMshouldMbeMrecommendedMtoMthisMpatient?M-
MAnswerMFiber



WhatMsmallMintestinalMcancerMoriginatesMfromMBMorMTMcells?M-
MAnswerMSmallMintestinalMlymphoma



ThisMherniaMsacMoriginatesMlateralMtoMtheMinferiorMepigastricMartery.MWhatMisMthisMtyp
eMofMherniaMcalled?M-MAnswerMIndirectMinguinalMhernia



AM57MyearMoldMmaleMvisitsMyourMclinicMcomplainingMofMhavingMpainM"inMhisMbutt"Mfo
rMtheMpastM3Mdays.MHeMstatedMthatMheMthinksMheMsawMaMbluishMlumpMandMitMitch
esMasMwell.MWhatMisMthisMmanMmostMlikelyMsufferingMfrom?



A.)MInternalMhemorrhoids

B.)MExternalMhemorrhoids

C.)MAnorectalMFistulaM-MAnswerMb



.MMariaMwentMoutMtoMtheMbarsMforMsomeMdrinksMwithMfriendsMafterMaMweekMfullMof
MexamsMandMwasMpukingMbeforeMsheMevenMwentMhome.MItMwasMalmostMasMifMherM
bodyMwasMthrowingMupMasMhardMasMitMcould.MSheMwasMupMallMnightMpukingMandMth
enMstartedMtoMnoticeMsomeMblood.MWhatMisMthisMandMwhatMwouldMyouMrecommendM
forMtreatment?M-
MAnswerMMalloryMWeissMSyndrome,MnormalMresolvesMwithoutMtreatment



AMpatientMhasMtheMresultsMof:MaMbariumMswallowMtest=MnormalMsequentialMperistalsis
MandMaMmanometry=MhypertensiveMLES.MWhatMisMit?M-
MAnswerMNutcrackerMesophagusM(HypertensiveMperistalsis)

, WhatMisMhighlyMassociatedMwithMGastricMLymphoma:MMALT?M-
MAnswerMH.MpyloriMandMchronicMinflammation



AMchildMcameMhomeMfromMdaycareMandMstartedMtoMhaveMaMfeverMandMisMhavingMte
nesmusM(aMsenseMofMincompleteMevacuationMofMfeces).MWhatMisMitMandMwhatMisMthe
Mtreatment?MHint:MtheM5MF'sM-
MAnswerMShigellosis,MchildMandMparentMstaysMhomeMforM7MdaysM&MantibioticM(Fluoroq
uinolone)



AM70MyearMoldMmanMcomesMintoMtheMofficeMforMRUQMpainMandMyouMfindMoutMheM
hasMbeenMdrinkingMaM12MpackMofMaMbeerMaMdayMforM20Myears.MHisMlabsMshowMan
MAST/ALTMratioMofM2:1.MWhatMisMyourMdiagnosis?M-MAnswerMAlcoholicMLiverMDisease



ForMHepaticMHemangioma,MhowMisMtheMliverMdescribedMandMwhatMdoMyouMavoidMdoin
gMforMaMdiagnosis?M-
MAnswerMLiverMisMdescribedMasMdarkMinMcolor,MwellMcircumscribedMwithMaMthinMcapsu
le.MYouMwantMtoMavoidMaMbiopsyMbecauseMthereMisMaMriskMofMbleeding.MSideMnote:M
thisMisMbenign



SydneyMhasMaMhistoryMofMalcoholMabuseMandMforMaMcoupleMyearsMnowMhasMhadMepi
gastric/LUQMpainMthatMisMworseM15-
30MminutesMafterMeating.MHerMamylaseMandMlipaseMareMbothMincreased.

(Hint:MthereMisMisMinflammationMwithMirreversibleMdestructionMofMexocrineMparenchyma
MandMfibrosis)M-MAnswerMChronicMpancreatitis



MostMcommonMcauseMofMbriskMhematocheziaM(painless).MRiskMfactorsMinclude:MlowMfibe
r,MhighMfatMandMredMmeatMdiet,MlowMphysicalMactivity,Msmoking.M-
MAnswerMDiverticularMbleeding



BeforeMaMbabyMwasMborn,MprenatallyMitMwasMfoundMthatMthereMwasMaMsmallMperium
bilicalMabdominalMdefectMwithMvisceralMherniation.MThereMisMbowelMinflammationMandMfi
brosisMdueMtoMchronicMexposureMofMamnioticMfluidMfluid.MWhatMisMtheMdiagnosis?M-
MAnswerMGastroschisis



AMbabyMwasMbornMwithMaMbarrelMshapedMchestMandMaMscaphoidMabdomenMandMhad
ManMxray.MThereMisMherniationMofMtheMbowelMcontentsMintoMtheMchest.MDiagnosisMan
dMtreatment?M-
MAnswerMCongenitalMDiaphragmaticMHerniaMinMtheMNeonateMandMsurgicalMrepair