GISP PRACTICE EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Data Transfer Standards- Transfer.
Answer: 401- a robust way of transferring GIS data between computers with
no information loss, including metadatafollow Spatial Data Transfer
Standards (SDTS) or Federal Information Processing Standard (173)-
◍ Raster Spatial File Type - Disadvantages.
Answer: 503- inefficient for storage-compression techniques not efficient
with variable data-large cells could potentially cause information loss-poor
at representing points, lines, areas-each cell can be owned buy only one
feature-must include redundant or missing data
◍ Coordinate Reference System (CRS).
Answer: 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system used to
location geographical entities (aka Spatial Reference Systems (SRS))
◍ Qualitative.
Answer: Shape - for points different symbol.Pattern - lines having different
styles such as dashed lines.Hue - different colors, such as red and blue.
◍ Coverage File.
Answer: Point, arc, node, route, route system, section, polygon, and region.
◍ Open Street Map.
Answer: A huge collaboration of different contributors - due to the huge
collaboration, it could be more accurate due to a lot of contributors, but it
could also be in accurate due to it relying on individuals.
◍ Security Testing.
Answer: 1. Static Testing - analyzes code at fixed points.2. Dynamic Testing
- analyzes running code and can stimulate an attack.3. Interactive Testing -
, combines static and dynamic testing. 4. Mobile Testing - designed to
examine how an attacker can attack mobile apps
◍ Metadata.
Answer: Information that describes the content, quality, condition, origin
and other characteristics of data or other pieces of information.
◍ Cylindrical Projection.
Answer: 101- 2 types Tangent (1 intersect) and Secant (2 intersects)Straight
meridians and parallelsmeridians are equally spaced while parallels are not
◍ Spatial Resolution.
Answer: 503- size of object that can be resolved and the most usual measure
is the pixel size
◍ Database Design.
Answer: Process of producing a detailed data model of a database.
◍ Temporal Resolution.
Answer: Repeat cycle - frequency with which images are collected for the
same area.
◍ Enterprise GIS - Platform.
Answer: Integrated through entire organization so that a large number of
users can manage, share, and use spatial data and related information to
address a variety of needs, including data creation, modification,
visualization, analysis, dissemination. Can utilize both hosted (cloud) and
server but if organizational data is not stored in the cloud, only data is
accessed from the cloud, then it's not quite an enterprise system.
◍ ETL (extraction, transformation, and loading).
Answer: 504- Used to standardize data across systems, that allow it to be
queried-extract data from current source-transform data into the current
format-load data to final storage point and format
◍ Iterations - Scripting Basic.
Answer: For loops, do while loops, do until loops. Repeating a process to
, generate an outcome, for x in range (0, e), in python this would take the
variable x from 0 to 2, running it 3 times.
◍ ArcInfo Interchange File (.eoo).
Answer: Known as ArcGIS export file.
◍ Geomatics.
Answer: Science and technology of gathering, analyzing, interpreting,
distributing, and using geographic information (includes surveying,
mapping, remote sensing, GIS, GPS).
◍ Quantitative Data.
Answer: Numerical values, measured on at least an ordinal level but could
be on a metric level.
◍ Indexes.
Answer: Data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations
in a database table. 1. Causes more storage space and additional writes.2.
Quickly locate data in the database.3. Indexes can be on multiple columns.
◍ Second (inverse) Geodetic Problem.
Answer: Given two points, determine the azimuth and length of the line
(straight line, arc or geodesic) that connects them.
◍ Line Topology Rules.
Answer: 1. Must be larger than cluster tolerance.2. Must not overlap.3. Must
not intersect.4. Must not intersect with.5. Must not have dangles.6. Must not
have pseudo nodes.7. Must not intersect or touch interior.8. Must not
intersect or touch interior with.9. Must not overlap with.10. Must be covered
by feature class of.11. Must be covered by boundary of.12. Must be
inside.13. Endpoint must be covered by.14. Must not self-overlap.15. Must
not self-intersect.16. Must be single part.
◍ Classification Implications.
Answer: Using different classification styles is that each will highlight
different aspects of the trends in the dataset. Choosing the wrong
classification methodology could cause the data to hide important
, information or misinform the reader.
◍ Object Oriented Programming (OOP).
Answer: Programming paradigm based on concept of "objects" which are
data structures that contain data in the form of fields (aka attributes) and
code in the form of procedure (aka methods) - most common are class
based.
◍ WGS 84 (World Geodetic System).
Answer: 101- reference coordinate system used by the Global Positioning
System (GPS)
◍ Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC).
Answer: 208- purpose is to build a data infrastructure for improved public
and private sector application of geospatial data and decision-makingInclude
title, abstract, date, geographic extent and projection info, attribute label
definitions and domain values
◍ Zonal Statistics (Raster Overlay Tool).
Answer: Summarizes values in a raster layer by zones (categories) in
another layer - for example, calculate the mean elevation for each vegetation
category.
◍ Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG).
Answer: Extension of the XML language.
◍ Location Data Selection.
Answer: 601- select features within a certain distance of a location
◍ Layer.
Answer: mechanism to display geographic data
◍ Pixel Spatial Modeling.
Answer: 201- smallest resolvable piece of scanned imagea pixel is always a
cell but a cell is not always a pixel
◍ Data Editing- Clip.
Answer: 601- extracts input features that overlay the clip features (keeps
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Data Transfer Standards- Transfer.
Answer: 401- a robust way of transferring GIS data between computers with
no information loss, including metadatafollow Spatial Data Transfer
Standards (SDTS) or Federal Information Processing Standard (173)-
◍ Raster Spatial File Type - Disadvantages.
Answer: 503- inefficient for storage-compression techniques not efficient
with variable data-large cells could potentially cause information loss-poor
at representing points, lines, areas-each cell can be owned buy only one
feature-must include redundant or missing data
◍ Coordinate Reference System (CRS).
Answer: 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system used to
location geographical entities (aka Spatial Reference Systems (SRS))
◍ Qualitative.
Answer: Shape - for points different symbol.Pattern - lines having different
styles such as dashed lines.Hue - different colors, such as red and blue.
◍ Coverage File.
Answer: Point, arc, node, route, route system, section, polygon, and region.
◍ Open Street Map.
Answer: A huge collaboration of different contributors - due to the huge
collaboration, it could be more accurate due to a lot of contributors, but it
could also be in accurate due to it relying on individuals.
◍ Security Testing.
Answer: 1. Static Testing - analyzes code at fixed points.2. Dynamic Testing
- analyzes running code and can stimulate an attack.3. Interactive Testing -
, combines static and dynamic testing. 4. Mobile Testing - designed to
examine how an attacker can attack mobile apps
◍ Metadata.
Answer: Information that describes the content, quality, condition, origin
and other characteristics of data or other pieces of information.
◍ Cylindrical Projection.
Answer: 101- 2 types Tangent (1 intersect) and Secant (2 intersects)Straight
meridians and parallelsmeridians are equally spaced while parallels are not
◍ Spatial Resolution.
Answer: 503- size of object that can be resolved and the most usual measure
is the pixel size
◍ Database Design.
Answer: Process of producing a detailed data model of a database.
◍ Temporal Resolution.
Answer: Repeat cycle - frequency with which images are collected for the
same area.
◍ Enterprise GIS - Platform.
Answer: Integrated through entire organization so that a large number of
users can manage, share, and use spatial data and related information to
address a variety of needs, including data creation, modification,
visualization, analysis, dissemination. Can utilize both hosted (cloud) and
server but if organizational data is not stored in the cloud, only data is
accessed from the cloud, then it's not quite an enterprise system.
◍ ETL (extraction, transformation, and loading).
Answer: 504- Used to standardize data across systems, that allow it to be
queried-extract data from current source-transform data into the current
format-load data to final storage point and format
◍ Iterations - Scripting Basic.
Answer: For loops, do while loops, do until loops. Repeating a process to
, generate an outcome, for x in range (0, e), in python this would take the
variable x from 0 to 2, running it 3 times.
◍ ArcInfo Interchange File (.eoo).
Answer: Known as ArcGIS export file.
◍ Geomatics.
Answer: Science and technology of gathering, analyzing, interpreting,
distributing, and using geographic information (includes surveying,
mapping, remote sensing, GIS, GPS).
◍ Quantitative Data.
Answer: Numerical values, measured on at least an ordinal level but could
be on a metric level.
◍ Indexes.
Answer: Data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations
in a database table. 1. Causes more storage space and additional writes.2.
Quickly locate data in the database.3. Indexes can be on multiple columns.
◍ Second (inverse) Geodetic Problem.
Answer: Given two points, determine the azimuth and length of the line
(straight line, arc or geodesic) that connects them.
◍ Line Topology Rules.
Answer: 1. Must be larger than cluster tolerance.2. Must not overlap.3. Must
not intersect.4. Must not intersect with.5. Must not have dangles.6. Must not
have pseudo nodes.7. Must not intersect or touch interior.8. Must not
intersect or touch interior with.9. Must not overlap with.10. Must be covered
by feature class of.11. Must be covered by boundary of.12. Must be
inside.13. Endpoint must be covered by.14. Must not self-overlap.15. Must
not self-intersect.16. Must be single part.
◍ Classification Implications.
Answer: Using different classification styles is that each will highlight
different aspects of the trends in the dataset. Choosing the wrong
classification methodology could cause the data to hide important
, information or misinform the reader.
◍ Object Oriented Programming (OOP).
Answer: Programming paradigm based on concept of "objects" which are
data structures that contain data in the form of fields (aka attributes) and
code in the form of procedure (aka methods) - most common are class
based.
◍ WGS 84 (World Geodetic System).
Answer: 101- reference coordinate system used by the Global Positioning
System (GPS)
◍ Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC).
Answer: 208- purpose is to build a data infrastructure for improved public
and private sector application of geospatial data and decision-makingInclude
title, abstract, date, geographic extent and projection info, attribute label
definitions and domain values
◍ Zonal Statistics (Raster Overlay Tool).
Answer: Summarizes values in a raster layer by zones (categories) in
another layer - for example, calculate the mean elevation for each vegetation
category.
◍ Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG).
Answer: Extension of the XML language.
◍ Location Data Selection.
Answer: 601- select features within a certain distance of a location
◍ Layer.
Answer: mechanism to display geographic data
◍ Pixel Spatial Modeling.
Answer: 201- smallest resolvable piece of scanned imagea pixel is always a
cell but a cell is not always a pixel
◍ Data Editing- Clip.
Answer: 601- extracts input features that overlay the clip features (keeps
