D236-WGU Pathophysiology QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
LATEST UPDATE
What is accomplished by diffusion? Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
Osmotic Diarrhea Caused by non-absorbable substances in the intestine drawing water into the
bowel.
BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide) A marker used to diagnose heart failure. A higher value indicates this.
Pleural Effusion Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space around the lungs.
Causes: Severe pulmonary infection (PNA or TB), Congestive Heart failure, Cancer,
Pulmonary Embolism
S/S: Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Sharp pleuritic chest pain, dullness to percussion, and
diminished breath sounds on affected side.
pH = 7.29 (Norm = 7.35-7.45) Respiratory Acidosis; Lungs are NOT ventilating correctly, retention of carbon
Bicarb = 25 (Norm = 22-26) dioxide = reduction of pH (Caused by COPD, Infection, foreign body obstruction,
and severe asthma.
CO2 = 55 (Norm = 35-45)
Which cause is consistent with these lab values?
How does the Respiratory System compensate for acid- By changing the rate and depth of breathing.
base disturbances? Increasing = Expels CO2 to reduce acidity (compensates Metabolic Acidosis)
Decreasing = Retains CO2 to increase acidity (compensates Metabolic Alkalosis)
One symptom of Acidosis? Rapid breathing aka Hyperventilation (body trying to get rid of the CO2)
What describes a gene when the same allele is inherited Homozygous (HH or hh)
from both parents?
What statement describes the ICF (Intracellular Fluid) The fluid contained within the cells, making up about 2/3 of the body's total water
,compartment? content.
, Which two conditions will cause dehydration and increase State of diminished water volume in the body. A deficit of intracellular fluid causes
water requirements? body cells to shrink.
Severe Diarrhea
Excessive Sweating
Vomiting
What are phagocytic cells? Part of innate immunity (inflammatory response)
Cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris
EX) Macrophages and Neutrophils
Turner's Syndrome (Short, webbed neck girl) Complete or partial missing X-chromosome in females
S/S: Hypothyroidism, Hypertension, Webbing of neck, amenorrhea, short stature,
infertility, vission issues, and aortic valve abnormalities.
What are two symptoms of Huntington's Disease? Genetic defect of Huntington gene
Lack of control-involuntary motor symptoms
Cognitive decline
Depression
Dementia later in
disease Muscle
spasticity
Speech/swallow difficulty
Which three issues would children with ND-PAE exhibit Cognitive deficits, Behavioral problems, and Physical Abnormalities
(fetal alcohol syndrome)? Causes birth defects and developmental disabilities = Neurocognition,
Self- regulation, and Adaptive functioning
Facial features, slow growth, delayed development, vision/hearing issues, and
smaller head & brain.
Grade 1 Sprain Mild stretching or slight tear of a ligament with little or no joint instability.
Osteoarthritis Morning stiffness
Swelling
Limited ROM
Symmetrical joint pain in hips during activity or cold
weather Herberden's and Bouchard's nodes noted on
fingers
Melanoma Most lethal form of skin cancer; Categorize via ABCDE's =
Asymmetry/Border/Color/Diameter/Evolving
TX: Surgical Removal, Chemo/Radiation
LATEST UPDATE
What is accomplished by diffusion? Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
Osmotic Diarrhea Caused by non-absorbable substances in the intestine drawing water into the
bowel.
BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide) A marker used to diagnose heart failure. A higher value indicates this.
Pleural Effusion Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space around the lungs.
Causes: Severe pulmonary infection (PNA or TB), Congestive Heart failure, Cancer,
Pulmonary Embolism
S/S: Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Sharp pleuritic chest pain, dullness to percussion, and
diminished breath sounds on affected side.
pH = 7.29 (Norm = 7.35-7.45) Respiratory Acidosis; Lungs are NOT ventilating correctly, retention of carbon
Bicarb = 25 (Norm = 22-26) dioxide = reduction of pH (Caused by COPD, Infection, foreign body obstruction,
and severe asthma.
CO2 = 55 (Norm = 35-45)
Which cause is consistent with these lab values?
How does the Respiratory System compensate for acid- By changing the rate and depth of breathing.
base disturbances? Increasing = Expels CO2 to reduce acidity (compensates Metabolic Acidosis)
Decreasing = Retains CO2 to increase acidity (compensates Metabolic Alkalosis)
One symptom of Acidosis? Rapid breathing aka Hyperventilation (body trying to get rid of the CO2)
What describes a gene when the same allele is inherited Homozygous (HH or hh)
from both parents?
What statement describes the ICF (Intracellular Fluid) The fluid contained within the cells, making up about 2/3 of the body's total water
,compartment? content.
, Which two conditions will cause dehydration and increase State of diminished water volume in the body. A deficit of intracellular fluid causes
water requirements? body cells to shrink.
Severe Diarrhea
Excessive Sweating
Vomiting
What are phagocytic cells? Part of innate immunity (inflammatory response)
Cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris
EX) Macrophages and Neutrophils
Turner's Syndrome (Short, webbed neck girl) Complete or partial missing X-chromosome in females
S/S: Hypothyroidism, Hypertension, Webbing of neck, amenorrhea, short stature,
infertility, vission issues, and aortic valve abnormalities.
What are two symptoms of Huntington's Disease? Genetic defect of Huntington gene
Lack of control-involuntary motor symptoms
Cognitive decline
Depression
Dementia later in
disease Muscle
spasticity
Speech/swallow difficulty
Which three issues would children with ND-PAE exhibit Cognitive deficits, Behavioral problems, and Physical Abnormalities
(fetal alcohol syndrome)? Causes birth defects and developmental disabilities = Neurocognition,
Self- regulation, and Adaptive functioning
Facial features, slow growth, delayed development, vision/hearing issues, and
smaller head & brain.
Grade 1 Sprain Mild stretching or slight tear of a ligament with little or no joint instability.
Osteoarthritis Morning stiffness
Swelling
Limited ROM
Symmetrical joint pain in hips during activity or cold
weather Herberden's and Bouchard's nodes noted on
fingers
Melanoma Most lethal form of skin cancer; Categorize via ABCDE's =
Asymmetry/Border/Color/Diameter/Evolving
TX: Surgical Removal, Chemo/Radiation
