WGU D236 Patho Study Guide |QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| LATEST UPDATE
Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream? Oncotic
Oncotic a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
In the blood,______is the most common plasma protein and albumin
is, therefore, a primary determinant of oncotic pressure
____controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds Albumin
volume
One question was about the difference in children and Possible answer: naive T cells
adult immunity
Learning check question: Which differences in immunity Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
make children and older adult patients more susceptible Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
to infections? Choose 2 answers Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens, which
means that they have fewer memory cells than adults. The primary immune
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat response is relatively weak compared to a secondary response mediated by
infection memory cells.
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to younger patients.
naive T cells When these patients encounter novel pathogens, the reduced number of naive T
cells gives clonal selection fewer opportunities to "find" T cells that will be
effective.
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat
infection
Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive T
cells
, Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by______, which osmoreceptors
regulates actions such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and
RAAS.
Fluid deficit causes -Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
Fluid deficit risk factors -Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations -dry mucous membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels that are
causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic in nature
Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory 7.35-7.45
compensation help to maintain a blood pH of _______
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an Metabolic alkalosis
elevated CO2 level and a blood pH of 7.53. She is
breathing slowly. What condition does the patient have?
The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the same direction).
This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory
Metabolic system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining
alkalosis more CO2
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory
acidosis
To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
systems. The body utilizes 3 buffer systems:
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system first line of defense is respirations; kidneys
_____, second line of defense is _____
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system equation The equation moves in both directions
| LATEST UPDATE
Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream? Oncotic
Oncotic a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
In the blood,______is the most common plasma protein and albumin
is, therefore, a primary determinant of oncotic pressure
____controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds Albumin
volume
One question was about the difference in children and Possible answer: naive T cells
adult immunity
Learning check question: Which differences in immunity Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
make children and older adult patients more susceptible Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
to infections? Choose 2 answers Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens, which
means that they have fewer memory cells than adults. The primary immune
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat response is relatively weak compared to a secondary response mediated by
infection memory cells.
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to younger patients.
naive T cells When these patients encounter novel pathogens, the reduced number of naive T
cells gives clonal selection fewer opportunities to "find" T cells that will be
effective.
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat
infection
Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive T
cells
, Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by______, which osmoreceptors
regulates actions such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and
RAAS.
Fluid deficit causes -Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
Fluid deficit risk factors -Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations -dry mucous membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels that are
causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic in nature
Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory 7.35-7.45
compensation help to maintain a blood pH of _______
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an Metabolic alkalosis
elevated CO2 level and a blood pH of 7.53. She is
breathing slowly. What condition does the patient have?
The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the same direction).
This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory
Metabolic system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining
alkalosis more CO2
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory
acidosis
To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
systems. The body utilizes 3 buffer systems:
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system first line of defense is respirations; kidneys
_____, second line of defense is _____
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system equation The equation moves in both directions
