2026 HESI PHARMACOLOGY VERSION 1 (V1)
EXIT EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
Save
Terms in this set (245)
1) A nurse is caring for a client with 3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
hyperparathyroidism and notes that Rationale:
the client's serum calcium level is 13 The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0
mg/dL. Which medication should mg/dL. This client is experiencing hypercalcemia.
the nurse prepare to administer as Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are
prescribed to the client? medications used for the treatment of tetany,
1. Calcium chloride which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia.
2. Calcium gluconate In hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D need
3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin) to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone,
4. Large doses of vitamin D decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting
bone resorption and lowering the serum calcium
concentration.
2.) Oral iron supplements are 4. Orange juice
prescribed for a 6-year-old child Rationale:
with iron deficiency anemia. The Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the
nurse instructs the mother to body. The mother should be instructed to
administer the iron with which best administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a
food item? juice that is high in vitamin C. Milk may affect
1. Milk absorption of the iron. Water will not assist in
2. Water absorption. Orange juice contains a greater
3. Apple juice amount of vitamin C than apple juice.
4. Orange juice
,3.) Salicylic acid is prescribed for a 1. Tinnitus
client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. Rationale:
The nurse monitors the client, Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the
knowing that which of the following skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylism) can result.
would indicate the presence of Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea,
systemic toxicity from this and psychological disturbances. Constipation
medication? and diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
1. Tinnitus
2. Diarrhea
3. Constipation
4. Decreased respirations
4.) The camp nurse asks the children 4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun
preparing to swim in the lake if they Rationale:
have applied sunscreen. The nurse Sunscreens are most effective when applied at
reminds the children that chemical least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun so
sunscreens are most effective when that they can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens
applied: should be reapplied after swimming or sweating.
1. Immediately before swimming
2. 15 minutes before exposure to
the sun
3. Immediately before exposure to
the sun
4. At least 30 minutes before
exposure to the sun
,5.) Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is 3. Informing the client that this is normal
prescribed for the client with a burn Rationale:
injury. When applying the Mafenide acetate is bacteriostatic for gram-
medication, the client complains of negative and gram-positive organisms and is
local discomfort and burning. used to treat burns to reduce bacteria present in
Which of the following is the most avascular tissues. The client should be informed
appropriate nursing action? that the medication will cause local discomfort
1. Notifying the registered nurse and burning and that this is a normal reaction;
2. Discontinuing the medication therefore options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect
3. Informing the client that this is
normal
4. Applying a thinner film than
prescribed to the burn site
6.) The burn client is receiving 1.Hyperventilation
treatments of topical mafenide Rationale:
acetate (Sulfamylon) to the site of Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase
injury. The nurse monitors the client, inhibitor and can suppress renal excretion of acid,
knowing that which of the following thereby causing acidosis. Clients receiving this
indicates that a systemic effect has treatment should be monitored for signs of an
occurred? acid-base imbalance (hyperventilation). If this
1.Hyperventilation occurs, the medication should be discontinued
2.Elevated blood pressure for 1 to 2 days. Options 3 and 4 describe local
3.Local pain at the burn site rather than systemic effects. An elevated blood
4.Local rash at the burn site pressure may be expected from the pain that
occurs with a burn injury.
7.) Isotretinoin is prescribed for a 2. Triglyceride level
client with severe acne. Before the Rationale:
administration of this medication, Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels. Blood
the nurse anticipates that which triglyceride levels should be measured before
laboratory test will be prescribed? treatment and periodically thereafter until the
1. Platelet count effect on the triglycerides has been evaluated.
2. Triglyceride level Options 1, 3, and 4 do not need to be monitored
3. Complete blood count specifically during this treatment.
4. White blood cell count
, 8.) A client with severe acne is seen 1. Vitamin A
in the clinic and the health care Rationale:
provider (HCP) prescribes Isotretinoin is a metabolite of vitamin A and can
isotretinoin. The nurse reviews the produce generalized intensification of
client's medication record and isotretinoin toxicity. Because of the potential for
would contact the (HCP) if the increased toxicity, vitamin A supplements should
client is taking which medication? be discontinued before isotretinoin therapy.
1. Vitamin A Options 2, 3, and 4 are not contraindicated with
2. Digoxin (Lanoxin) the use of isotretinoin.
3. Furosemide (Lasix)
4. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
9.) The nurse is applying a topical 2. Axilla
corticosteroid to a client with Rationale:
eczema. The nurse would monitor Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the
for the potential for increased systemic circulation. Absorption is higher from
systemic absorption of the regions where the skin is especially permeable
medication if the medication were (scalp, axilla, face, eyelids, neck, perineum,
being applied to which of the genitalia), and lower from regions in which
following body areas? permeability is poor (back, palms, soles).
1. Back
2. Axilla
3. Soles of the feet
4. Palms of the hands
10.) The clinic nurse is performing an 1. Acne
admission assessment on a client. Rationale:
The nurse notes that the client is Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat
taking azelaic acid (Azelex). mild to moderate acne. The acid appears to work
Because of the medication by suppressing the growth of Propionibacterium
prescription, the nurse would acnes and decreasing the proliferation of
suspect that the client is being keratinocytes. Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
treated for:
1. Acne
2. Eczema
3. Hair loss
4. Herpes simplex
EXIT EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
Save
Terms in this set (245)
1) A nurse is caring for a client with 3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
hyperparathyroidism and notes that Rationale:
the client's serum calcium level is 13 The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0
mg/dL. Which medication should mg/dL. This client is experiencing hypercalcemia.
the nurse prepare to administer as Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are
prescribed to the client? medications used for the treatment of tetany,
1. Calcium chloride which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia.
2. Calcium gluconate In hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D need
3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin) to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone,
4. Large doses of vitamin D decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting
bone resorption and lowering the serum calcium
concentration.
2.) Oral iron supplements are 4. Orange juice
prescribed for a 6-year-old child Rationale:
with iron deficiency anemia. The Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the
nurse instructs the mother to body. The mother should be instructed to
administer the iron with which best administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a
food item? juice that is high in vitamin C. Milk may affect
1. Milk absorption of the iron. Water will not assist in
2. Water absorption. Orange juice contains a greater
3. Apple juice amount of vitamin C than apple juice.
4. Orange juice
,3.) Salicylic acid is prescribed for a 1. Tinnitus
client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. Rationale:
The nurse monitors the client, Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the
knowing that which of the following skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylism) can result.
would indicate the presence of Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea,
systemic toxicity from this and psychological disturbances. Constipation
medication? and diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
1. Tinnitus
2. Diarrhea
3. Constipation
4. Decreased respirations
4.) The camp nurse asks the children 4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun
preparing to swim in the lake if they Rationale:
have applied sunscreen. The nurse Sunscreens are most effective when applied at
reminds the children that chemical least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun so
sunscreens are most effective when that they can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens
applied: should be reapplied after swimming or sweating.
1. Immediately before swimming
2. 15 minutes before exposure to
the sun
3. Immediately before exposure to
the sun
4. At least 30 minutes before
exposure to the sun
,5.) Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is 3. Informing the client that this is normal
prescribed for the client with a burn Rationale:
injury. When applying the Mafenide acetate is bacteriostatic for gram-
medication, the client complains of negative and gram-positive organisms and is
local discomfort and burning. used to treat burns to reduce bacteria present in
Which of the following is the most avascular tissues. The client should be informed
appropriate nursing action? that the medication will cause local discomfort
1. Notifying the registered nurse and burning and that this is a normal reaction;
2. Discontinuing the medication therefore options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect
3. Informing the client that this is
normal
4. Applying a thinner film than
prescribed to the burn site
6.) The burn client is receiving 1.Hyperventilation
treatments of topical mafenide Rationale:
acetate (Sulfamylon) to the site of Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase
injury. The nurse monitors the client, inhibitor and can suppress renal excretion of acid,
knowing that which of the following thereby causing acidosis. Clients receiving this
indicates that a systemic effect has treatment should be monitored for signs of an
occurred? acid-base imbalance (hyperventilation). If this
1.Hyperventilation occurs, the medication should be discontinued
2.Elevated blood pressure for 1 to 2 days. Options 3 and 4 describe local
3.Local pain at the burn site rather than systemic effects. An elevated blood
4.Local rash at the burn site pressure may be expected from the pain that
occurs with a burn injury.
7.) Isotretinoin is prescribed for a 2. Triglyceride level
client with severe acne. Before the Rationale:
administration of this medication, Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels. Blood
the nurse anticipates that which triglyceride levels should be measured before
laboratory test will be prescribed? treatment and periodically thereafter until the
1. Platelet count effect on the triglycerides has been evaluated.
2. Triglyceride level Options 1, 3, and 4 do not need to be monitored
3. Complete blood count specifically during this treatment.
4. White blood cell count
, 8.) A client with severe acne is seen 1. Vitamin A
in the clinic and the health care Rationale:
provider (HCP) prescribes Isotretinoin is a metabolite of vitamin A and can
isotretinoin. The nurse reviews the produce generalized intensification of
client's medication record and isotretinoin toxicity. Because of the potential for
would contact the (HCP) if the increased toxicity, vitamin A supplements should
client is taking which medication? be discontinued before isotretinoin therapy.
1. Vitamin A Options 2, 3, and 4 are not contraindicated with
2. Digoxin (Lanoxin) the use of isotretinoin.
3. Furosemide (Lasix)
4. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
9.) The nurse is applying a topical 2. Axilla
corticosteroid to a client with Rationale:
eczema. The nurse would monitor Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the
for the potential for increased systemic circulation. Absorption is higher from
systemic absorption of the regions where the skin is especially permeable
medication if the medication were (scalp, axilla, face, eyelids, neck, perineum,
being applied to which of the genitalia), and lower from regions in which
following body areas? permeability is poor (back, palms, soles).
1. Back
2. Axilla
3. Soles of the feet
4. Palms of the hands
10.) The clinic nurse is performing an 1. Acne
admission assessment on a client. Rationale:
The nurse notes that the client is Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat
taking azelaic acid (Azelex). mild to moderate acne. The acid appears to work
Because of the medication by suppressing the growth of Propionibacterium
prescription, the nurse would acnes and decreasing the proliferation of
suspect that the client is being keratinocytes. Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
treated for:
1. Acne
2. Eczema
3. Hair loss
4. Herpes simplex
