GTC MICROBIOLOGY FINAL REVIEW
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 TESTED QUESTIONS
WITH FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
◉ How does septicemia differ from bacteremia? Answer: bacteremia
is bacteria in the blood. Septicemia is the presence of microoganisms
in the blood.
◉ What is the cause of endotoxic shock? Answer: the LPS layer of
gram negative bacteria contains endotoxins that are released when
large amounts of gram negative bacteria are killed- thus leading to
endotoxic shock.
◉ What is the cause of puerperal fever? Answer: Strep. pyogenes
◉ Explain how rheumatic fever develops? Answer: rheumatic fever
is caused by a Strep. pyogenes infection. It's a sequelae - or
aftermath of the disease.
◉ What type of hypersensitivity is that? Answer: type 3-
immunocomplex
,◉ Name two types of bacteria that cause acute bacterial
endocarditis: Answer: Staph aureus, Strep pneumonia, viridians
streptococcus
◉ What causes cat scratch fever? Answer: Bartonella
◉ Name the signs of cat scratch fever: Answer: lymph node
enlargement in children
◉ What does it mean that the disease often is "subclinical"? Answer:
it means that there are no apparent symptoms or signs
◉ Name the causative agent in plague: Answer: Yersinia
◉ What is a buboe? Answer: lymph node enlargement
◉ What type of plague has the highest mortality? Answer:
pneumonic- 100% mortality within 3 days
◉ How does transmission of plague occur? Answer: bubonic:
through flea bites that were infected by rodents. pneumonic:
through human to human contact
,◉ Can the plague be treated? Answer: yes- streptomycin and
tetracycline
◉ Name the bacteria that cause lyme disease: Answer: Borrelia
◉ How is Lyme Disease transmitted? Answer: tick bites
◉ Is a bull's eye rash always seen? Answer: in 80% of the cases
◉ What is the bull's eye rash? Answer: Erythema Migrans-it is not
always a bullseye and is not always the site of the tick bite
◉ Can lyme disease be treated? Answer: yes- penicillins,
tetracyclines or cephalosporins are effective in the first phase. Later
phases are difficult to treat.
◉ What are some late manifestations of lyme disease? Answer: lyme
disease can cause arthritis (stage 3) and nervous/cardiovascular
system problems (stage 2)
◉ How is Rocky Mountain spotted fever transmitted? Answer:
through tick bites
◉ Which bacterium causes RMSF? Answer: Rickettsia
, ◉ What type of rash is seen in RMSF? Answer: petechiae
◉ What are other symptoms? Answer: headache, vomiting, fever,
muscle pain, nausea, abdominal pain
◉ How serious is RMSF? Answer: it is very serious. It can be fatal if
not treated- it can cause multi-system organ failure.
◉ What is the cause of "mono"? Answer: Epstein Barr virus
◉ Which cells are involved in mono? Answer: B lymphocyte
◉ Characterize the virus that causes this disease: Answer:
dsDNA/enveloped
◉ Why is this called a "persistent" infection? Answer: it's called
persistent because it invades many organs such as the liver, heart
and kidneys
◉ How is it transmitted? Answer: through saliva
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 TESTED QUESTIONS
WITH FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
◉ How does septicemia differ from bacteremia? Answer: bacteremia
is bacteria in the blood. Septicemia is the presence of microoganisms
in the blood.
◉ What is the cause of endotoxic shock? Answer: the LPS layer of
gram negative bacteria contains endotoxins that are released when
large amounts of gram negative bacteria are killed- thus leading to
endotoxic shock.
◉ What is the cause of puerperal fever? Answer: Strep. pyogenes
◉ Explain how rheumatic fever develops? Answer: rheumatic fever
is caused by a Strep. pyogenes infection. It's a sequelae - or
aftermath of the disease.
◉ What type of hypersensitivity is that? Answer: type 3-
immunocomplex
,◉ Name two types of bacteria that cause acute bacterial
endocarditis: Answer: Staph aureus, Strep pneumonia, viridians
streptococcus
◉ What causes cat scratch fever? Answer: Bartonella
◉ Name the signs of cat scratch fever: Answer: lymph node
enlargement in children
◉ What does it mean that the disease often is "subclinical"? Answer:
it means that there are no apparent symptoms or signs
◉ Name the causative agent in plague: Answer: Yersinia
◉ What is a buboe? Answer: lymph node enlargement
◉ What type of plague has the highest mortality? Answer:
pneumonic- 100% mortality within 3 days
◉ How does transmission of plague occur? Answer: bubonic:
through flea bites that were infected by rodents. pneumonic:
through human to human contact
,◉ Can the plague be treated? Answer: yes- streptomycin and
tetracycline
◉ Name the bacteria that cause lyme disease: Answer: Borrelia
◉ How is Lyme Disease transmitted? Answer: tick bites
◉ Is a bull's eye rash always seen? Answer: in 80% of the cases
◉ What is the bull's eye rash? Answer: Erythema Migrans-it is not
always a bullseye and is not always the site of the tick bite
◉ Can lyme disease be treated? Answer: yes- penicillins,
tetracyclines or cephalosporins are effective in the first phase. Later
phases are difficult to treat.
◉ What are some late manifestations of lyme disease? Answer: lyme
disease can cause arthritis (stage 3) and nervous/cardiovascular
system problems (stage 2)
◉ How is Rocky Mountain spotted fever transmitted? Answer:
through tick bites
◉ Which bacterium causes RMSF? Answer: Rickettsia
, ◉ What type of rash is seen in RMSF? Answer: petechiae
◉ What are other symptoms? Answer: headache, vomiting, fever,
muscle pain, nausea, abdominal pain
◉ How serious is RMSF? Answer: it is very serious. It can be fatal if
not treated- it can cause multi-system organ failure.
◉ What is the cause of "mono"? Answer: Epstein Barr virus
◉ Which cells are involved in mono? Answer: B lymphocyte
◉ Characterize the virus that causes this disease: Answer:
dsDNA/enveloped
◉ Why is this called a "persistent" infection? Answer: it's called
persistent because it invades many organs such as the liver, heart
and kidneys
◉ How is it transmitted? Answer: through saliva
