Updated 2026
TricuspidMregurgitationMmurmurM-
MAnswerMHarshMsystolicMmurmurMloudestMatMtheMlowerMleftMsternalMborderM
AugmentedMduringMinspirationM
RefucedMinMintensityMandMdurationMinMaMstandingMpositionMandMduringMaMvalsalvaMma
neuver
ShortMearlyMdiastolicMflowMrumbleMmayMbeMpresentMdueMtoMincreasedMfliwMacrossMthe
MteicuspudMvalveM
RiskMfactors:MinfectiveMendocarditis
CommonMcausesMofMSCDMinMpeopleMunderM30M-
MAnswerMPreMexistingMcardiacMabnormalitiesMsuchMasMhypertrophicMcardiomyopathyM
ElectricMabnormalitiesMcausedMbyMionMchannelMmutationsMinMlongMQTMsyndromeMandM
brugadaMsyndrome
RupturedMventricularMSeptumMmurmurM-
MAnswerMVSDMpatientsMdevelopMaMpansystolicMmurmurM(rupturedMseptumMwillMleadMto
MtheMsameMcrossingMofMbloodM
ThisMisMaMhighMpitchedMloudMblowingMacrossMtheMleftMsternalMborder
systolicMmurmurMisMholosystolicM(sometimesMcalledMpansystolic)MbecauseMtheMintensityMi
sMhighMthroughoutMsystoleMasMshownMinMtheMfigure.MThisMtypeMofMmurmurMisMcaused
MbyMmitralMorMtricuspidMvalveMregurgitation,MorMbyMaMventricularMseptalMdefect.
EcgMrupturedMventricularMseptumM-MAnswerMQMwavesMinMV1V2MV3
, EcgMcardiacMtamponadeM-
MAnswerMLowMvoltageMQRSMwithMalternationsMinMQRSMheightMwithMeachMbeat;Melectri
calMalternansMdueMtoMswingingMmovementMofMheratMinMeffusion-limbMleadsM
SinusMtachycardiaM
PrecordialMstMsegmentMelevation
PulmonicMvalveMstenosisMsignsM-MAnswerMRMheartMfailureMsignsM
PeripheralMedemaM
JVD
DyspneaMwMexertionM
Lightheadedness
ReteplaseM-MAnswerMfibrinolyticMagentMfirMAMIMwhenMindicated
LovenoxM-
MAnswerMAlternateMforMheparinMinMpatientsMwithMunstableManginaM,Mnstemi,orMDVT
StreptokinaseM-
MAnswerMIndicatedMforMacuteMarterialMthrombosisMorMembolismMorMoccludedMarterioven
ousMcannulas
AteplaseM-MAnswerMAcuteMischemicMstrokeMorMacuteMmassiveMPE
HypokalemiaMecgM-
MAnswerMflattenedMTMwaves,MprominentMUMwaves,MSTMdepression,MprolongedMPRMinter
val
WhenMmightMaMpatientMwithMhemetemisisMreceivingMwarfarinMnotMreceiveMvitaminMK?M
-MAnswerMWithMaMmechanicalMvalve