APHY 102 Midterm Exam - Ivy Tech questions with correct answers
1. What is a hormone and how does it act?
: Ans- Hormones are chemical messengers
that are responsible for regulation. They are secreted into body fluids, mainly blood.
It has specific actions on target tissues, which are any tissue that has specific
receptors for that particular hormone.
2. What is a paracrine gland?
: Ans- a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but affects only neighboring cells
3. What is an autocrine gland?
: Ans- A secretion that only affects the secreting cell.
4. What is an endocrine gland?
: Ans- A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream and
act on target cells
5. What is an exocrine gland?
: Ans- A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body surface.
6. Where is the thymus located?
, : Ans- mediastinum; behind the sternum
7. Where is the pineal gland located?
: Ans- center of brain
8. Where are the reproductive organs located?
: Ans- abdomen; pelvic
9. Where is the pituitary gland located?
: Ans- sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the brain
10. Where are the adrenal glands located?
: Ans- on top of each kidney
11. Where is the pancreas located?
: Ans- posterior to the stomach
12. What are the two steroid hormones?
: Ans- Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen and
testosterone
13. Describe steroid hormones
: Ans- -diffuse through cell membranes into cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
,-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
14. Describe non-steroid hormones.
: Ans- Amines, proteins, peptides, and glycopro- teins. The endocrine gland
secretes nonsteroid hormones, which body fluid carries hormone to its target cell.
Hormone combines with receptor site on membrane of its target cell, activating G
protein. Cellular changes produce the hormone's effects.
15. How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary
gland?
: Ans- The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing and secreting
hormones for the body and connects to the posterior pituitary when fully formed.
Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus, func-
tioning as a repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and receiving
messages from it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and through
the anterior pituitary
16. What regulates pituitary gland secretion?
: Ans- Hypothalamus
, 17. Describe tropic hormones
: Ans- stimulate other endocrine glands to release hor- mones
1. What is a hormone and how does it act?
: Ans- Hormones are chemical messengers
that are responsible for regulation. They are secreted into body fluids, mainly blood.
It has specific actions on target tissues, which are any tissue that has specific
receptors for that particular hormone.
2. What is a paracrine gland?
: Ans- a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but affects only neighboring cells
3. What is an autocrine gland?
: Ans- A secretion that only affects the secreting cell.
4. What is an endocrine gland?
: Ans- A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream and
act on target cells
5. What is an exocrine gland?
: Ans- A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body surface.
6. Where is the thymus located?
, : Ans- mediastinum; behind the sternum
7. Where is the pineal gland located?
: Ans- center of brain
8. Where are the reproductive organs located?
: Ans- abdomen; pelvic
9. Where is the pituitary gland located?
: Ans- sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the brain
10. Where are the adrenal glands located?
: Ans- on top of each kidney
11. Where is the pancreas located?
: Ans- posterior to the stomach
12. What are the two steroid hormones?
: Ans- Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen and
testosterone
13. Describe steroid hormones
: Ans- -diffuse through cell membranes into cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
,-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
14. Describe non-steroid hormones.
: Ans- Amines, proteins, peptides, and glycopro- teins. The endocrine gland
secretes nonsteroid hormones, which body fluid carries hormone to its target cell.
Hormone combines with receptor site on membrane of its target cell, activating G
protein. Cellular changes produce the hormone's effects.
15. How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary
gland?
: Ans- The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing and secreting
hormones for the body and connects to the posterior pituitary when fully formed.
Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus, func-
tioning as a repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and receiving
messages from it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and through
the anterior pituitary
16. What regulates pituitary gland secretion?
: Ans- Hypothalamus
, 17. Describe tropic hormones
: Ans- stimulate other endocrine glands to release hor- mones
