Prescription writing: required pt and prescriber info - ANSWER Patient's name and full
address
Date of prescription
Prescriber's full name, address, and phone number
Prescriber's DEA # if controlled substance
Prescription writing: required drug info - ANSWER Name (don't abbreviate)
Strength and vehicle
Dosage
Route of administration
Directions (Sig) for taking the med: frequency, timing, details specific to drug
Amount to be dispensed
Refills
Critical Rx Information? - ANSWER DAW vs generic, refill #, dose form, length of ther-
apy/quantity, pt Ax, date of Rx, route, signature, DEA #
"Rational" Prescribing Process, WHO - ANSWER Choose a rational treatment
Selection of P-drugs (Personal drugs)
Treating the pt (select, Rx, monitor)
Keeping up-to-date
What are P-drugs? - ANSWER P(ersonal) drugs - those that you are going to prescribe reg-
ularly and with which you become familiar
1
,Steps of Rational Prescribing - ANSWER Define the pt's problem
Specify the therapeutic objective
Choose Tx
Verify: efficacy, safety, suitability, cost
Start Tx (write a clear Rx)
Educate! Give inform instructions, warnings
Monitor treatment
What is DAW in prescribing? - ANSWER Dispense as written
"Rights" of a prescription - ANSWER Patient
Medication
Dose
Route
Dose schedule
Does this make sense for this drug, patient, situation?
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER How the body affects a drug
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER How a drug affects the body - effects that occur at the cel-
lular and systemic levels
Pharmacogenomics - ANSWER General study of how one's individual genetic variation af-
fects drug behavior
Four components of pharmacokinetics - ANSWER ADME - absorption, distribution, me-
tabolism, excretion
2
, Absorption - ANSWER How (well) does the body uptake the drug?
Distribution - ANSWER Transportation of the drug to the site of action
How (well) is the drug carried to the site of action?
Elimination - ANSWER How (well) is the drug cleared from the body?
All types of absorption are affected by... - ANSWER Drug properties (molecular weight,
lipid solubility) pKa, drug formulation, disintegration time, dissolution rate)
Enteral Absorption - GI tract - affected by? (4 things) - ANSWER Blood flow to area of ab-
sorption
First pass effect
Cellular membrane permeability (passive vs. active)
GI motility (absence/presence of food in stomach, other drugs)
Parenteral Absorption - affected by? (2 things) - ANSWER Blood flow to area of absorp-
tion
Cell membrane permeability (passive vs. active transport)
Bioavailability - ANSWER Percentage of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation
Ex: IV route = 100% bioavailability
First pass effect - ANSWER PO drug that is absorbed in the GI tract and metabolized via
liver before reaching systemic circulation
Distribution is dependent upon... (3 things) - ANSWER Route of administration
3
address
Date of prescription
Prescriber's full name, address, and phone number
Prescriber's DEA # if controlled substance
Prescription writing: required drug info - ANSWER Name (don't abbreviate)
Strength and vehicle
Dosage
Route of administration
Directions (Sig) for taking the med: frequency, timing, details specific to drug
Amount to be dispensed
Refills
Critical Rx Information? - ANSWER DAW vs generic, refill #, dose form, length of ther-
apy/quantity, pt Ax, date of Rx, route, signature, DEA #
"Rational" Prescribing Process, WHO - ANSWER Choose a rational treatment
Selection of P-drugs (Personal drugs)
Treating the pt (select, Rx, monitor)
Keeping up-to-date
What are P-drugs? - ANSWER P(ersonal) drugs - those that you are going to prescribe reg-
ularly and with which you become familiar
1
,Steps of Rational Prescribing - ANSWER Define the pt's problem
Specify the therapeutic objective
Choose Tx
Verify: efficacy, safety, suitability, cost
Start Tx (write a clear Rx)
Educate! Give inform instructions, warnings
Monitor treatment
What is DAW in prescribing? - ANSWER Dispense as written
"Rights" of a prescription - ANSWER Patient
Medication
Dose
Route
Dose schedule
Does this make sense for this drug, patient, situation?
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER How the body affects a drug
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER How a drug affects the body - effects that occur at the cel-
lular and systemic levels
Pharmacogenomics - ANSWER General study of how one's individual genetic variation af-
fects drug behavior
Four components of pharmacokinetics - ANSWER ADME - absorption, distribution, me-
tabolism, excretion
2
, Absorption - ANSWER How (well) does the body uptake the drug?
Distribution - ANSWER Transportation of the drug to the site of action
How (well) is the drug carried to the site of action?
Elimination - ANSWER How (well) is the drug cleared from the body?
All types of absorption are affected by... - ANSWER Drug properties (molecular weight,
lipid solubility) pKa, drug formulation, disintegration time, dissolution rate)
Enteral Absorption - GI tract - affected by? (4 things) - ANSWER Blood flow to area of ab-
sorption
First pass effect
Cellular membrane permeability (passive vs. active)
GI motility (absence/presence of food in stomach, other drugs)
Parenteral Absorption - affected by? (2 things) - ANSWER Blood flow to area of absorp-
tion
Cell membrane permeability (passive vs. active transport)
Bioavailability - ANSWER Percentage of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation
Ex: IV route = 100% bioavailability
First pass effect - ANSWER PO drug that is absorbed in the GI tract and metabolized via
liver before reaching systemic circulation
Distribution is dependent upon... (3 things) - ANSWER Route of administration
3
