Nitrates MOA for HTN - ANSWER vasodilation due to nitric oxide
Beta Blockers MOA for HTN - ANSWER Block sympathetic influence on the heart (esp B1
selective, HR and contraction), reducing CO and thus BP; also block renin release, stopping
RAAS system (olol)
Calcium Channel Blockers MOA for HTN - ANSWER agents that inhibit the entry of cal-
cium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the HR, a lessening of the demand for
oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to
cause dilation (-dipine)
ACE inhibitors MOA - ANSWER reduce production of angiotensin, causing vasodilation,
excretion of sodium and water, retention of K
drugs that increase myocardial oxygen supply - ANSWER thrombolytic agents
antiplatelet agents
anticoagulants
calcium-channel blockers
Causes of HTN - ANSWER Primary Essential HTN (idiopathic) 95% of cases.- bp greater
than 140/90 on 3 separate occasions with the patient comfortably sitting and arm at the
level of the heart.
Secondary HTN
-chronic kidney disease
-Renovascular disease
1
, -drug abuse and medications
-obstructive sleep apnea
-coarctation of the aorta
-hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, hyperaldosteronism, cushing syndrome
drugs that treat HTN and BPH - ANSWER alpha blockers
drugs that treat HTN and MI - ANSWER Diltiazem, verapamil (non-dihyrdopyridine CCB)
drugs that treat HTN and HF - ANSWER losartan (ARB), carvedilol (only, no other BB)
drugs that treat HTN in African Americans - ANSWER calcium channel blockers (first line)
do NOT use ACE inhibitors unless in combo w/ diuretic
indications for HF drugs by stage - ANSWER Stage A (at risk) - lifestyle changes, maybe
ACE
Stage B (structural HF no sx) - ACE inhibitors, maybe BB
Stage C (structure HF w/ sx) - ACE inhibitors, BB, Diuretics, Digitalis?
Stage D (refractory HF - All meds and mechanical assist, heart transplant etc.
first line of drugs for heart failure - ANSWER ACE inhibitors
MOA of ACE inhibitors that benefit HF - ANSWER - affect both preload and afterload
through their vasodilating effects,
- decrease the incidence of remodeling by reducing the local generation
- action of angiotensin II in heart muscle and prevent neurohormonal counterregulatory
mechanisms that worsen HF through their action on the R-A-A system
2
Beta Blockers MOA for HTN - ANSWER Block sympathetic influence on the heart (esp B1
selective, HR and contraction), reducing CO and thus BP; also block renin release, stopping
RAAS system (olol)
Calcium Channel Blockers MOA for HTN - ANSWER agents that inhibit the entry of cal-
cium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the HR, a lessening of the demand for
oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to
cause dilation (-dipine)
ACE inhibitors MOA - ANSWER reduce production of angiotensin, causing vasodilation,
excretion of sodium and water, retention of K
drugs that increase myocardial oxygen supply - ANSWER thrombolytic agents
antiplatelet agents
anticoagulants
calcium-channel blockers
Causes of HTN - ANSWER Primary Essential HTN (idiopathic) 95% of cases.- bp greater
than 140/90 on 3 separate occasions with the patient comfortably sitting and arm at the
level of the heart.
Secondary HTN
-chronic kidney disease
-Renovascular disease
1
, -drug abuse and medications
-obstructive sleep apnea
-coarctation of the aorta
-hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, hyperaldosteronism, cushing syndrome
drugs that treat HTN and BPH - ANSWER alpha blockers
drugs that treat HTN and MI - ANSWER Diltiazem, verapamil (non-dihyrdopyridine CCB)
drugs that treat HTN and HF - ANSWER losartan (ARB), carvedilol (only, no other BB)
drugs that treat HTN in African Americans - ANSWER calcium channel blockers (first line)
do NOT use ACE inhibitors unless in combo w/ diuretic
indications for HF drugs by stage - ANSWER Stage A (at risk) - lifestyle changes, maybe
ACE
Stage B (structural HF no sx) - ACE inhibitors, maybe BB
Stage C (structure HF w/ sx) - ACE inhibitors, BB, Diuretics, Digitalis?
Stage D (refractory HF - All meds and mechanical assist, heart transplant etc.
first line of drugs for heart failure - ANSWER ACE inhibitors
MOA of ACE inhibitors that benefit HF - ANSWER - affect both preload and afterload
through their vasodilating effects,
- decrease the incidence of remodeling by reducing the local generation
- action of angiotensin II in heart muscle and prevent neurohormonal counterregulatory
mechanisms that worsen HF through their action on the R-A-A system
2
