NHI 130055 MIDTERM (MODULES 1.0 -
5.2) EXAM QUESTIONS & CORRECT
SOLUTIONS
3 Primary Bridge Components (in order) - Correct Answer ✔✔ 1. Deck
2. Superstructure
3. Substructure
Elements of a Deck - Correct Answer ✔✔ Deck
Wearing Surface
Bridge Railing
Sidewalk
Expansion Joint
Elements of a Superstructure - Correct Answer ✔✔ Girder
Floorbeam
Stringer
Truss
Arch
Spandrel Columns
Cables
Cross Girder
Pin & Hanger Assemblies
Elements of a Substructure - Correct Answer ✔✔ Columns/Piles
Walls
Abutments
Wingwalls
Pier Caps
Load Path - Correct Answer ✔✔ Deck
Superstructure
Bearings
Substructure
Subsurface
Function of Deck - Correct Answer ✔✔ Supports live load
Function of Superstructure - Correct Answer ✔✔ Transfers loads from deck to bearings
and substructure
, Function of Bearings (load path) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Transmit loads from
superstructure to substructure
Function of Bearings (Other) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Permits longitudinal expansion and
contraction
Allows rotation caused by dead and live deflection
Function of Substructure - Correct Answer ✔✔ Transfers loads from deck and
superstructure into the ground
Function of Culverts - Correct Answer ✔✔ transmit the flow of water from one side of
roadway to the other (hydraulic structures that are typically underfill)
Axial Force - Correct Answer ✔✔ A force which acts through the longitudinal axis of a
member
Bending Moment - Correct Answer ✔✔ A combination of tension and compression
forces developed when an external load is applied transversely to a bridge member,
causing it to bend
Shear Force - Correct Answer ✔✔ Results from equal but opposite transverse forces
which tend to slide one section of a member past the adjacent section
Torsional Force - Correct Answer ✔✔ An external moment which tends to rotate or twist
a member about its longitudinal axis.
Stress - Correct Answer ✔✔ Force per unit area and it denotes intensity of an internal
force; may be tension, compression, or shear
Deformation - Correct Answer ✔✔ Local distortion or the change in shape of material
due to applied force
Strain - Correct Answer ✔✔ Measure of deformation and it denotes around an object
deforms WRT its original dimensions
Creep - Correct Answer ✔✔ Gradual, continuing irreversible deformation due to
constant stress level below yield strength
Fatigue - Correct Answer ✔✔ Tendency of a member to fail at stress below the yield
stress when subjected to cyclical loading
Elasticity - Correct Answer ✔✔ Modulus of elasticity is the ration between the stress
applied and resulting elastic strain
Ductility - Correct Answer ✔✔ Characteristic to undergo plastic deformation prior to
failure
5.2) EXAM QUESTIONS & CORRECT
SOLUTIONS
3 Primary Bridge Components (in order) - Correct Answer ✔✔ 1. Deck
2. Superstructure
3. Substructure
Elements of a Deck - Correct Answer ✔✔ Deck
Wearing Surface
Bridge Railing
Sidewalk
Expansion Joint
Elements of a Superstructure - Correct Answer ✔✔ Girder
Floorbeam
Stringer
Truss
Arch
Spandrel Columns
Cables
Cross Girder
Pin & Hanger Assemblies
Elements of a Substructure - Correct Answer ✔✔ Columns/Piles
Walls
Abutments
Wingwalls
Pier Caps
Load Path - Correct Answer ✔✔ Deck
Superstructure
Bearings
Substructure
Subsurface
Function of Deck - Correct Answer ✔✔ Supports live load
Function of Superstructure - Correct Answer ✔✔ Transfers loads from deck to bearings
and substructure
, Function of Bearings (load path) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Transmit loads from
superstructure to substructure
Function of Bearings (Other) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Permits longitudinal expansion and
contraction
Allows rotation caused by dead and live deflection
Function of Substructure - Correct Answer ✔✔ Transfers loads from deck and
superstructure into the ground
Function of Culverts - Correct Answer ✔✔ transmit the flow of water from one side of
roadway to the other (hydraulic structures that are typically underfill)
Axial Force - Correct Answer ✔✔ A force which acts through the longitudinal axis of a
member
Bending Moment - Correct Answer ✔✔ A combination of tension and compression
forces developed when an external load is applied transversely to a bridge member,
causing it to bend
Shear Force - Correct Answer ✔✔ Results from equal but opposite transverse forces
which tend to slide one section of a member past the adjacent section
Torsional Force - Correct Answer ✔✔ An external moment which tends to rotate or twist
a member about its longitudinal axis.
Stress - Correct Answer ✔✔ Force per unit area and it denotes intensity of an internal
force; may be tension, compression, or shear
Deformation - Correct Answer ✔✔ Local distortion or the change in shape of material
due to applied force
Strain - Correct Answer ✔✔ Measure of deformation and it denotes around an object
deforms WRT its original dimensions
Creep - Correct Answer ✔✔ Gradual, continuing irreversible deformation due to
constant stress level below yield strength
Fatigue - Correct Answer ✔✔ Tendency of a member to fail at stress below the yield
stress when subjected to cyclical loading
Elasticity - Correct Answer ✔✔ Modulus of elasticity is the ration between the stress
applied and resulting elastic strain
Ductility - Correct Answer ✔✔ Characteristic to undergo plastic deformation prior to
failure
