TEST BANK
Genetics and Genomics in Nursing and Health Care
Theresa A. Beery, M. Linda Workman, and Julia A. Eggert
2nd Edition
www.Plusbay.Plus
Table of Contents
Chapter 01 DNA Structure and Function 1
,Chapter 02 Protein Synthesis 9
Chapter 03 Genetic Influence on Cell Division, Differentiation, and Gametogenesis 19
Chapter 04 Patterns of Inheritance 29
Chapter 05 Epigenetic Influences on Gene Expression 43
Chapter 06 Autosomal Inheritance and Disorders 47
Chapter 07 Sex Chromosome and Mitochondrial Inheritance and Disorders 55
Chapter 08 Family History and Pedigree Construction 61
Chapter 09 Congenital Anomalies, Basic Dysmorphology, and Genetic Assessment 68
Chapter 10 Enzyme and Collagen Disorders 74
Chapter 11 Common Childhood-Onset Genetic Disorders 84
Chapter 12 Common Adult-Onset Disorders 95
Chapter 13 Cardiovascular Disorders 103
Chapter 14 The Genetics of Cancer 110
Chapter 15 Genetic Contributions to Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders 119
Chapter 16 Genetic and Genomic Testing 124
Chapter 17 Assessing Genomic Variation in Drug Response 129
Chapter 18 Health Professionals and Genomic Care 135
Chapter 19 Financial, Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations 140
Chapter 20 Genetic and Genomic Variation 144
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Chapter 1: DNA Structure and Function
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In which body or cell area are most genes in humans located?
a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondrion
c. Cytoplasm
d. Plasma membrane
ANS: A
Most genes are part of the DNA located in the nucleus of body cells. Only a few genes ar
e located in a cell’s mitochondrion or mitochondria. There are no genes or DNA in either t
he cytoplasm or the plasma membranes of any cell.
2. Which condition or statement exemplifies the concept of genomics rather than genetics?
a. The gene for insulin is located on chromosome 11 in all people.
b. Expression of any single gene is dependent on inheriting two alleles.
c. Sex-linked recessive disorders affect males more often than females.
d. One allele for each gene is inherited from the mother, and one is inherited from
the father.
ANS: A
Genetics is the study of the general mechanisms of heredity and the variation of inherite
d traits. Genomics is the study of the function of all the nucleotide sequences present wi
thin the entire genome of a s pecies, Wi nWc Wl u .d iTn Bg S
ww geMn.
esWiS
n DNA coding regions and DNA n
ww ww
oncoding
regions. Selections B, C, and D all refer to mechanisms of heredity. Only selection A refers
to the function of a specific nucleotide sequence.
3. What is the purpose of phosphorous in a DNA strand?
a. Linking the nucleotides into a strand
b. Holding complementary strands together
c. Ensuring that a purine is always paired with a pyrimidine
d. Preventing the separation of double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA
ANS: A
Each nucleoside becomes a complete nucleotide when a phosphate group is attached. Th
e phosphates have multiple binding sites, and each one can link to two nucleotides. The
se linkages allow the nucleotides to be connected when placed into the DNA strand. Th
e nucleotides within each strand are held in position by the linked phosphate groups, wh
ich act like the string holding a strand of beads together, forming a necklace.
4. What is the term used to define alternative forms of a gene that may result in diffe
rent expression of the trait coded for by that gene?
a. Alleles
b. Bases
c. Centromeres
d. Diploids
ANS: A
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For each single gene, two alternative forms of that gene, known as alleles, together cont
rol how that gene is expressed. The alleles may be identical in their sequence but do not
have to be. When a dominant allele is paired with a recessive allele, only the dominant
allele is expressed, and the recessive allele is silent. When a dominant allele is paired wi
th another dominant allele, they are both expressed (usually equally). Recessive alleles a
re only expressed when they are homozygous. Bases are the essential part of a nucleotid
e, of which there are many within any gene region. Centromeres are the pinched-
in part of a chromosome between the p arms and the q arms. The term diploid refers to
the normal number of chromosome pairs within a cell. It is an adjective, not a noun. Th
erefore, the plural diploids does not exist.
5. What percentage of bases in a stretch of double-stranded DNA that contains 30% guanine
(G) bases would be adenine (A)?
a. 70%
b. 60%
c. 30%
d. 20%
ANS: D
Because of complementary pairing, if 30% of the bases are guanine (G), which always pair
s with cytosine C, these two bases account for 60% of the total bases in this stretch. The r
emaining bases make up 40% of the total. This 40% is composed of equal percentages of
thymine (T) and adenine (A).
6. What is the term used to describe the organized picture of the paired chromosomes with
in a cell used to determine whether chromosome numbers, structures, and banding patte
rns are
normal? WWW.TBSM.WS
a. Pedigree
b. Phenotype
c. Karyotype
d. Autotype
ANS: C
A karyotype is a picture of an organized arrangement of all of the chromosomes within
one cell during the metaphase section of mitosis. The chromosomes are paired and then a
rranged by number according to size and centromere position. The banding pattern of ea
ch pair is analyzed to determine whether areas have been deleted, expanded, or transloca
ted. A pedigree also is a picture, but it illustrates several generations of a family history.
Phenotypes are observable traits. Autotype is not a genetic term.
7. What would be the sequence of DNA that is complementary to a DNA section with the
base sequence of GGTCAATCCTTAG?
a. GATTCCTAACTGG
b. TTGACCGAAGGCT
c. AACTGGCTTCCGA
d. CCAGTTAGGAATC
ANS: D
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Genetics and Genomics in Nursing and Health Care
Theresa A. Beery, M. Linda Workman, and Julia A. Eggert
2nd Edition
www.Plusbay.Plus
Table of Contents
Chapter 01 DNA Structure and Function 1
,Chapter 02 Protein Synthesis 9
Chapter 03 Genetic Influence on Cell Division, Differentiation, and Gametogenesis 19
Chapter 04 Patterns of Inheritance 29
Chapter 05 Epigenetic Influences on Gene Expression 43
Chapter 06 Autosomal Inheritance and Disorders 47
Chapter 07 Sex Chromosome and Mitochondrial Inheritance and Disorders 55
Chapter 08 Family History and Pedigree Construction 61
Chapter 09 Congenital Anomalies, Basic Dysmorphology, and Genetic Assessment 68
Chapter 10 Enzyme and Collagen Disorders 74
Chapter 11 Common Childhood-Onset Genetic Disorders 84
Chapter 12 Common Adult-Onset Disorders 95
Chapter 13 Cardiovascular Disorders 103
Chapter 14 The Genetics of Cancer 110
Chapter 15 Genetic Contributions to Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders 119
Chapter 16 Genetic and Genomic Testing 124
Chapter 17 Assessing Genomic Variation in Drug Response 129
Chapter 18 Health Professionals and Genomic Care 135
Chapter 19 Financial, Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations 140
Chapter 20 Genetic and Genomic Variation 144
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, Test Bank -
Chapter 1: DNA Structure and Function
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In which body or cell area are most genes in humans located?
a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondrion
c. Cytoplasm
d. Plasma membrane
ANS: A
Most genes are part of the DNA located in the nucleus of body cells. Only a few genes ar
e located in a cell’s mitochondrion or mitochondria. There are no genes or DNA in either t
he cytoplasm or the plasma membranes of any cell.
2. Which condition or statement exemplifies the concept of genomics rather than genetics?
a. The gene for insulin is located on chromosome 11 in all people.
b. Expression of any single gene is dependent on inheriting two alleles.
c. Sex-linked recessive disorders affect males more often than females.
d. One allele for each gene is inherited from the mother, and one is inherited from
the father.
ANS: A
Genetics is the study of the general mechanisms of heredity and the variation of inherite
d traits. Genomics is the study of the function of all the nucleotide sequences present wi
thin the entire genome of a s pecies, Wi nWc Wl u .d iTn Bg S
ww geMn.
esWiS
n DNA coding regions and DNA n
ww ww
oncoding
regions. Selections B, C, and D all refer to mechanisms of heredity. Only selection A refers
to the function of a specific nucleotide sequence.
3. What is the purpose of phosphorous in a DNA strand?
a. Linking the nucleotides into a strand
b. Holding complementary strands together
c. Ensuring that a purine is always paired with a pyrimidine
d. Preventing the separation of double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA
ANS: A
Each nucleoside becomes a complete nucleotide when a phosphate group is attached. Th
e phosphates have multiple binding sites, and each one can link to two nucleotides. The
se linkages allow the nucleotides to be connected when placed into the DNA strand. Th
e nucleotides within each strand are held in position by the linked phosphate groups, wh
ich act like the string holding a strand of beads together, forming a necklace.
4. What is the term used to define alternative forms of a gene that may result in diffe
rent expression of the trait coded for by that gene?
a. Alleles
b. Bases
c. Centromeres
d. Diploids
ANS: A
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, Test Bank -
For each single gene, two alternative forms of that gene, known as alleles, together cont
rol how that gene is expressed. The alleles may be identical in their sequence but do not
have to be. When a dominant allele is paired with a recessive allele, only the dominant
allele is expressed, and the recessive allele is silent. When a dominant allele is paired wi
th another dominant allele, they are both expressed (usually equally). Recessive alleles a
re only expressed when they are homozygous. Bases are the essential part of a nucleotid
e, of which there are many within any gene region. Centromeres are the pinched-
in part of a chromosome between the p arms and the q arms. The term diploid refers to
the normal number of chromosome pairs within a cell. It is an adjective, not a noun. Th
erefore, the plural diploids does not exist.
5. What percentage of bases in a stretch of double-stranded DNA that contains 30% guanine
(G) bases would be adenine (A)?
a. 70%
b. 60%
c. 30%
d. 20%
ANS: D
Because of complementary pairing, if 30% of the bases are guanine (G), which always pair
s with cytosine C, these two bases account for 60% of the total bases in this stretch. The r
emaining bases make up 40% of the total. This 40% is composed of equal percentages of
thymine (T) and adenine (A).
6. What is the term used to describe the organized picture of the paired chromosomes with
in a cell used to determine whether chromosome numbers, structures, and banding patte
rns are
normal? WWW.TBSM.WS
a. Pedigree
b. Phenotype
c. Karyotype
d. Autotype
ANS: C
A karyotype is a picture of an organized arrangement of all of the chromosomes within
one cell during the metaphase section of mitosis. The chromosomes are paired and then a
rranged by number according to size and centromere position. The banding pattern of ea
ch pair is analyzed to determine whether areas have been deleted, expanded, or transloca
ted. A pedigree also is a picture, but it illustrates several generations of a family history.
Phenotypes are observable traits. Autotype is not a genetic term.
7. What would be the sequence of DNA that is complementary to a DNA section with the
base sequence of GGTCAATCCTTAG?
a. GATTCCTAACTGG
b. TTGACCGAAGGCT
c. AACTGGCTTCCGA
d. CCAGTTAGGAATC
ANS: D
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