HONDROS BIO 117 FINAL COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
• What is a simple cell ?.
Answer: cell that responds to orientated edges and gratings (feature
detectors, Wellers and Hubel)
• right and left hypochondriac regions.
Answer: Where are the ribs located?
• What are the four paranasal sinuses?.
Answer: frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary
• What is a water soluble vitamin?.
Answer: Water soluble vitamins are not stored in the body and need to be
consumed on a daily basis
• covering organs.
Answer: What does visceral mean?
• What are the blood types?.
Answer: A, B, AB, O
• What is a stratified squamous?.
Answer: many layers of cells; surface cells are flat; Forms the epidermis of
the skin
• Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone) - stimulate adrenal gland to produce
cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone.
Answer: What is the job ACTH(Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone) ?
• top of skull.
Answer: Where is the cranium?
• What are Functions of the plasma proteins.
, Answer: Plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulin, that help maintain
the colloidal osmotic pressure at about 25 mmHg
• What is cardiac muscle?.
Answer: heart muscle, involuntary
• What are tendons?.
Answer: Connect muscle to bone
• leukocytopenia.
Answer: deficiency of white blood cells
• hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic.
Answer: What are the solution types?
• pectoral and pelvic.
Answer: What are girdles?
• take in large molecules.
Answer: What is endocytosis used for?
• What does osteoclast do ?.
Answer: break down bone
• Another membrane of the cell which is used for transportation throughout
the cell (packaging and transporting proteins).
Answer: What is the golgi apparatus?
• cube shaped cells.
Answer: What are cuboidal cells?
• What is natural acquired passive immunity.
Answer: transfer of maternal antibodies across placenta or in breast milk to
the infant
• triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids.
Answer: What are the types of lipids ?
• What is a hypertonic solution?.
Answer: when the solute concentration is greater outside of the cell, the cell
, will shrink
• mouth &
nose----nasopharynx----oropharynx---larynx----Trachea---Bronchi-----Bronchioles---
duct----alveoli.
Answer: What is the pathway of air?
• Building blocks of protein.
Answer: What is amino acid?
• What is a fibroblast?.
Answer: a cell in connective tissue that produces collagen and other fibers.
• What is function of b-cells?.
Answer: produce antibodies
• What is the duodenum responsible for?.
Answer: Breaking down food in the small intestines
• What is prothrombin/fibrinogen?.
Answer: A protein needed for blood clot formation
• What are the types of disaccharides?.
Answer: sucrose, lactose, maltose
• What is the appendicular skeleton?.
Answer: girdles, arms and legs
• cutaneous, mucous, serous, synovial,epitheal.
Answer: What are the types of membranes?
• Bacterial infection of the lungs.
Answer: What is tuberculosis?
• stimulates thyroid to produce T3/T4 (Increases cause increased heart rate,
glucose levels, metabolism and decrease in body weight).
Answer: What is the job of (TSH) thyroid simulating hormone ?
• What are girdles?.
Answer: pectoral and pelvic
, • Where is the sternum located?.
Answer: In the anterior (front) midline of the chest.
• What is the use of vitamin D?.
Answer: helps absorb calcium
• Why is collagen important?.
Answer: It is a key protein in our connective tissues, cartilage, and tendons
• "Fight or flight" Blood pressure/heart rate increase, digestive slowing..
Answer: What is the sympathetic nervous system?
• What does osteoblast do?.
Answer: builds bone
• high pressure.
Answer: Arteries have what type of pressure ?
• organelles of the cell and their function part 2.
Answer: Mitochondrion---Energy production---Powerplant
• What is tidal volume?.
Answer: normal breathing
• What is the Rh factor?.
Answer: It is the positive antigen present on some RBC.
• What is passive immunity ?.
Answer: short term immunity using antibodies produced outside the body
• "milk sugar" found in lactose.
Answer: What is galactose?
• milk sugar.
Answer: What is lactose?
• What is the job of follicle stimulating hormone?(FSH).
Answer: Increases size of follicle, increases estrogen testosterone levels
• sclera, choroid, retina.
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
• What is a simple cell ?.
Answer: cell that responds to orientated edges and gratings (feature
detectors, Wellers and Hubel)
• right and left hypochondriac regions.
Answer: Where are the ribs located?
• What are the four paranasal sinuses?.
Answer: frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary
• What is a water soluble vitamin?.
Answer: Water soluble vitamins are not stored in the body and need to be
consumed on a daily basis
• covering organs.
Answer: What does visceral mean?
• What are the blood types?.
Answer: A, B, AB, O
• What is a stratified squamous?.
Answer: many layers of cells; surface cells are flat; Forms the epidermis of
the skin
• Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone) - stimulate adrenal gland to produce
cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone.
Answer: What is the job ACTH(Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone) ?
• top of skull.
Answer: Where is the cranium?
• What are Functions of the plasma proteins.
, Answer: Plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulin, that help maintain
the colloidal osmotic pressure at about 25 mmHg
• What is cardiac muscle?.
Answer: heart muscle, involuntary
• What are tendons?.
Answer: Connect muscle to bone
• leukocytopenia.
Answer: deficiency of white blood cells
• hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic.
Answer: What are the solution types?
• pectoral and pelvic.
Answer: What are girdles?
• take in large molecules.
Answer: What is endocytosis used for?
• What does osteoclast do ?.
Answer: break down bone
• Another membrane of the cell which is used for transportation throughout
the cell (packaging and transporting proteins).
Answer: What is the golgi apparatus?
• cube shaped cells.
Answer: What are cuboidal cells?
• What is natural acquired passive immunity.
Answer: transfer of maternal antibodies across placenta or in breast milk to
the infant
• triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids.
Answer: What are the types of lipids ?
• What is a hypertonic solution?.
Answer: when the solute concentration is greater outside of the cell, the cell
, will shrink
• mouth &
nose----nasopharynx----oropharynx---larynx----Trachea---Bronchi-----Bronchioles---
duct----alveoli.
Answer: What is the pathway of air?
• Building blocks of protein.
Answer: What is amino acid?
• What is a fibroblast?.
Answer: a cell in connective tissue that produces collagen and other fibers.
• What is function of b-cells?.
Answer: produce antibodies
• What is the duodenum responsible for?.
Answer: Breaking down food in the small intestines
• What is prothrombin/fibrinogen?.
Answer: A protein needed for blood clot formation
• What are the types of disaccharides?.
Answer: sucrose, lactose, maltose
• What is the appendicular skeleton?.
Answer: girdles, arms and legs
• cutaneous, mucous, serous, synovial,epitheal.
Answer: What are the types of membranes?
• Bacterial infection of the lungs.
Answer: What is tuberculosis?
• stimulates thyroid to produce T3/T4 (Increases cause increased heart rate,
glucose levels, metabolism and decrease in body weight).
Answer: What is the job of (TSH) thyroid simulating hormone ?
• What are girdles?.
Answer: pectoral and pelvic
, • Where is the sternum located?.
Answer: In the anterior (front) midline of the chest.
• What is the use of vitamin D?.
Answer: helps absorb calcium
• Why is collagen important?.
Answer: It is a key protein in our connective tissues, cartilage, and tendons
• "Fight or flight" Blood pressure/heart rate increase, digestive slowing..
Answer: What is the sympathetic nervous system?
• What does osteoblast do?.
Answer: builds bone
• high pressure.
Answer: Arteries have what type of pressure ?
• organelles of the cell and their function part 2.
Answer: Mitochondrion---Energy production---Powerplant
• What is tidal volume?.
Answer: normal breathing
• What is the Rh factor?.
Answer: It is the positive antigen present on some RBC.
• What is passive immunity ?.
Answer: short term immunity using antibodies produced outside the body
• "milk sugar" found in lactose.
Answer: What is galactose?
• milk sugar.
Answer: What is lactose?
• What is the job of follicle stimulating hormone?(FSH).
Answer: Increases size of follicle, increases estrogen testosterone levels
• sclera, choroid, retina.
