INTRODUCTION TO CRYPTOGRAPHY
ACTUAL CERTIFICATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● Which algorithm is designated as a Type 2 product by the National
Security Agency (NSA)? Answer: SKIPJACK
● What is the most commonly used format for certificates? Answer:
X.509 v3 *Version 3*
● What is referenced to determine if a certificate has been revoked?
Answer: Certificate Revocation List *(CRL)*
● What needs to be installed on *end users' computers* to allow them to
*trust* applications that have been *digitally signed* by the developer?
Answer: Sender's public key *(DEVELOPER's)*
● Which type of certificate *must be certified by an authority* to verify
it with other participants? Answer: Public Certificate
● What is an attribute of the Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4) algorithm? Answer:
It requires a unique nonce. *(# used ONCE)*
, ● Which mode generates the key stream with a nonce and incrementing
value? Answer: Counter (CTR)
*Generates the next keystream block* by encrypting successive
*values* of a "counter"
● Which mode is a stream algorithm that concatenates an incrementing
value with a nonce? Answer: Counter (CTR)
● Which key would an administrator use to encrypt data so *only the
CEO can decrypt it?* Answer: CEO's public key
Remember, when a specific person in an organization is the *ONLY*
one you want to *DECRYPT* something, you must have their
*PUBLIC* key
● What is the result of a hash function? Answer: Digest
● What is used to efficiently encrypt *large files?* Answer: Symmetric
encryption
● An administrator needs to encrypt the following word with the Atbash
cipher:
ACTUAL CERTIFICATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● Which algorithm is designated as a Type 2 product by the National
Security Agency (NSA)? Answer: SKIPJACK
● What is the most commonly used format for certificates? Answer:
X.509 v3 *Version 3*
● What is referenced to determine if a certificate has been revoked?
Answer: Certificate Revocation List *(CRL)*
● What needs to be installed on *end users' computers* to allow them to
*trust* applications that have been *digitally signed* by the developer?
Answer: Sender's public key *(DEVELOPER's)*
● Which type of certificate *must be certified by an authority* to verify
it with other participants? Answer: Public Certificate
● What is an attribute of the Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4) algorithm? Answer:
It requires a unique nonce. *(# used ONCE)*
, ● Which mode generates the key stream with a nonce and incrementing
value? Answer: Counter (CTR)
*Generates the next keystream block* by encrypting successive
*values* of a "counter"
● Which mode is a stream algorithm that concatenates an incrementing
value with a nonce? Answer: Counter (CTR)
● Which key would an administrator use to encrypt data so *only the
CEO can decrypt it?* Answer: CEO's public key
Remember, when a specific person in an organization is the *ONLY*
one you want to *DECRYPT* something, you must have their
*PUBLIC* key
● What is the result of a hash function? Answer: Digest
● What is used to efficiently encrypt *large files?* Answer: Symmetric
encryption
● An administrator needs to encrypt the following word with the Atbash
cipher:
