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Module 1 - The Neuron Verified and Updated
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord, while the PNS consists of
Answer: all the neurons and neuronal components that do not lie within the brain
and the spinal cord (i.e. peripheral nerves).
The somatic nervous system innervates
Answer: skeletal muscle under voluntary control
the autonomic nervous system innervates
Answer: visceral organs muscle, cardiac muscle and glands) that are not under
conscious control
The human nervous system has approximately 100 billion neurons, many of which
communicate with each other
Answer: directly or indirectly via intermediate neurons, or interneurons.
Two of the main functions of the nervous system:
Answer: 1. Sense self and the environment;
2. Carry out a response to this sensory input (commonly a motor response)
Afferent sensory pathways form
Answer: the sensory system
Efferent motor pathways form
Answer: the motor system
The sensory system detects external and internal information via the stimulation of
Answer: the receptors of sensory neurons.
Sensory receptors transduce
Answer: sensory stimuli (e.g., light waves, sound waves, external objects) into
electrical signals, or action potentials, which are then conducted into the CNS where
the information is (e.g., vision, sound, touch).
In the CNS, the afferent impulses may elicit
Answer: an immediate response (e.g., via spinal or brainstem reflexes), or they may
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be propagated to the cortex of the CNS where the electrical signals are in primary
Sensory areas for the conscious perception of the specific sensory modality relayed.
Primary sensory areas then send this information to
Answer: higher order areas of the brain for the complex integration of sensory
While the sensory system functions to sense (and form perceptions to) our bodies
and the external world, the motor system
Answer: carries out a response to this sensory input.
The motor may be simple and rapid via
Answer: spinal or brainstem reflexes (e.g., muscle stretch reflex such as the knee
jerk reflex), or a complex integrated autonomic or volitional (e.g., activation of the
sympathetic nervous system or constructing an email. respectively).
Neurons are present in a variety of
Answer: shapes and sizes, depending on their
location and function.
In many respects, neurons are similar to other cells in the body in that
Answer: they contain many of the same organelles, such as a nucleus (and
nucleolus), rough
and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and mitochondria.
Neurons have unique attributes and components due to their specialized
Answer: structure and function.
As the main function of neurons involves receiving and transmitting information,
they have a central
Answer: communication center (neuron cell body, or soma), a receiving end
(dendrites), and a transmitting end (axon).
The neuron cell body, or soma, consists of
Answer: thenucleus and the perikaryon (the cytoplasmsurrounding the nucleus).
Neurons contain more ____ in their cytoplasm than any other cell in the body,
reflecting ____
Answer: RNA, reflecting the fact that neuron cell bodies
are essentially protein production factories
Module 1 - The Neuron Verified and Updated
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord, while the PNS consists of
Answer: all the neurons and neuronal components that do not lie within the brain
and the spinal cord (i.e. peripheral nerves).
The somatic nervous system innervates
Answer: skeletal muscle under voluntary control
the autonomic nervous system innervates
Answer: visceral organs muscle, cardiac muscle and glands) that are not under
conscious control
The human nervous system has approximately 100 billion neurons, many of which
communicate with each other
Answer: directly or indirectly via intermediate neurons, or interneurons.
Two of the main functions of the nervous system:
Answer: 1. Sense self and the environment;
2. Carry out a response to this sensory input (commonly a motor response)
Afferent sensory pathways form
Answer: the sensory system
Efferent motor pathways form
Answer: the motor system
The sensory system detects external and internal information via the stimulation of
Answer: the receptors of sensory neurons.
Sensory receptors transduce
Answer: sensory stimuli (e.g., light waves, sound waves, external objects) into
electrical signals, or action potentials, which are then conducted into the CNS where
the information is (e.g., vision, sound, touch).
In the CNS, the afferent impulses may elicit
Answer: an immediate response (e.g., via spinal or brainstem reflexes), or they may
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be propagated to the cortex of the CNS where the electrical signals are in primary
Sensory areas for the conscious perception of the specific sensory modality relayed.
Primary sensory areas then send this information to
Answer: higher order areas of the brain for the complex integration of sensory
While the sensory system functions to sense (and form perceptions to) our bodies
and the external world, the motor system
Answer: carries out a response to this sensory input.
The motor may be simple and rapid via
Answer: spinal or brainstem reflexes (e.g., muscle stretch reflex such as the knee
jerk reflex), or a complex integrated autonomic or volitional (e.g., activation of the
sympathetic nervous system or constructing an email. respectively).
Neurons are present in a variety of
Answer: shapes and sizes, depending on their
location and function.
In many respects, neurons are similar to other cells in the body in that
Answer: they contain many of the same organelles, such as a nucleus (and
nucleolus), rough
and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and mitochondria.
Neurons have unique attributes and components due to their specialized
Answer: structure and function.
As the main function of neurons involves receiving and transmitting information,
they have a central
Answer: communication center (neuron cell body, or soma), a receiving end
(dendrites), and a transmitting end (axon).
The neuron cell body, or soma, consists of
Answer: thenucleus and the perikaryon (the cytoplasmsurrounding the nucleus).
Neurons contain more ____ in their cytoplasm than any other cell in the body,
reflecting ____
Answer: RNA, reflecting the fact that neuron cell bodies
are essentially protein production factories
