Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
NSG-434 Exam 2 Verified and Updated
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
mild dehydration
Answer: loss of less than 5% in infants and 3% in children
moderate dehydration
Answer: loss of 5-10% in infants and 3-6% in children
severe dehydration
Answer: loss of more than 10% in infants and 6% in older children
children are _ with moderate dehydration
Answer: irritable
children are __ with severe dehydration
Answer: lethargic
the earliest sign of dehydration in children is usually
Answer: tachycardia
clinical manifestations of fluid loss
Answer: -change in LOC
-altered response to stimuli
-decreased skin turgor (won't be present in an infant)
-prolonged cap refill
-tachycardia
-sunken eyes and fontanels
-may not have tears when crying
lab tests for dehydration
Answer: serum bicarbonate
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mild-moderate dehydration tx
Answer: oral rehydration with Pedialyte
severe dehydration tx
Answer: IV fluids to expand fluid volume and replace deficits
most pathogens that cause diarrhea are spread by:
Answer: the fecal oral route
be cautious of pathogens spread through the fecal-oral route in __________
Answer: day care centers since there is close contact
what is the most important cause of serious gastroenteritis among children
Answer: rotavirus
most children are infected with ____ at least once by 5 years old
Answer: rotavirus
acute diarrhea
Answer: sudden increase in frequency and a change in consistency of stools
chronic diarrhea
Answer: increase in stool frequency and increased water content with a duration of
>14 days
diarrhea care management
Answer: -oral rehydration
-early reintroduction to normal diet
-education on s/s
-skin care to prevent excoriation
-edu regarding prevention
constipation is often associated with
Answer: -painful bowel movements
-blood streaked or retained stool
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-abdominal pain
-lack of appetite
structural disorders causing constipation
Answer: Hirsphsprung's disease and strictures
meds causing constipation
Answer: antacids, diuretics, antiepileptics, antihistamines, opioids, iron
supplements
encopresis
Answer: repeated and involuntary defecation in a child older than 4
management of encopresis
Answer: -high fiber diet
-exercise
-reg toileting habits after meals
-stool softeners
-emotional support (help child feel in control)
Hirschsprung disease is most commonly observed in
Answer: neonates
hirschsprung disease in a neonate is characterized by
Answer: failure to pass meconium within 24-48hrs of birth, bilious vomiting
Hirschsprung disease in infancy and childhood is characterized by
Answer: -constipation
-recurrent diarrhea
-RIBBON-LIKE, foul smelling stool
-FTT
, Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
how to dx Hirschsprung disease
Answer: rectal biopsy to detect absence of ganglion cells
tx of Hirschsprungs disease
Answer: -one stage surgical tx
-colostomy (temporary) then removal of aganglionic section
resulting effects of gastroesophageal reflux
Answer: -aspiration of gastric contents
-recurrent pneumonia
-pulmonary disease
-esophagitis
-esophageal stricture
dx for gastroesophageal reflux
Answer: -weight
-length
-OFC
-chest x-ray (resp symptoms)
-pH probe
tx for gastroesophageal reflux
Answer: -feed thickened formula
-feed small, frequent meals
-elevate HOB
-antacids
-Nissan fundoplication
NSG-434 Exam 2 Verified and Updated
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
mild dehydration
Answer: loss of less than 5% in infants and 3% in children
moderate dehydration
Answer: loss of 5-10% in infants and 3-6% in children
severe dehydration
Answer: loss of more than 10% in infants and 6% in older children
children are _ with moderate dehydration
Answer: irritable
children are __ with severe dehydration
Answer: lethargic
the earliest sign of dehydration in children is usually
Answer: tachycardia
clinical manifestations of fluid loss
Answer: -change in LOC
-altered response to stimuli
-decreased skin turgor (won't be present in an infant)
-prolonged cap refill
-tachycardia
-sunken eyes and fontanels
-may not have tears when crying
lab tests for dehydration
Answer: serum bicarbonate
,Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
mild-moderate dehydration tx
Answer: oral rehydration with Pedialyte
severe dehydration tx
Answer: IV fluids to expand fluid volume and replace deficits
most pathogens that cause diarrhea are spread by:
Answer: the fecal oral route
be cautious of pathogens spread through the fecal-oral route in __________
Answer: day care centers since there is close contact
what is the most important cause of serious gastroenteritis among children
Answer: rotavirus
most children are infected with ____ at least once by 5 years old
Answer: rotavirus
acute diarrhea
Answer: sudden increase in frequency and a change in consistency of stools
chronic diarrhea
Answer: increase in stool frequency and increased water content with a duration of
>14 days
diarrhea care management
Answer: -oral rehydration
-early reintroduction to normal diet
-education on s/s
-skin care to prevent excoriation
-edu regarding prevention
constipation is often associated with
Answer: -painful bowel movements
-blood streaked or retained stool
,Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
-abdominal pain
-lack of appetite
structural disorders causing constipation
Answer: Hirsphsprung's disease and strictures
meds causing constipation
Answer: antacids, diuretics, antiepileptics, antihistamines, opioids, iron
supplements
encopresis
Answer: repeated and involuntary defecation in a child older than 4
management of encopresis
Answer: -high fiber diet
-exercise
-reg toileting habits after meals
-stool softeners
-emotional support (help child feel in control)
Hirschsprung disease is most commonly observed in
Answer: neonates
hirschsprung disease in a neonate is characterized by
Answer: failure to pass meconium within 24-48hrs of birth, bilious vomiting
Hirschsprung disease in infancy and childhood is characterized by
Answer: -constipation
-recurrent diarrhea
-RIBBON-LIKE, foul smelling stool
-FTT
, Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
how to dx Hirschsprung disease
Answer: rectal biopsy to detect absence of ganglion cells
tx of Hirschsprungs disease
Answer: -one stage surgical tx
-colostomy (temporary) then removal of aganglionic section
resulting effects of gastroesophageal reflux
Answer: -aspiration of gastric contents
-recurrent pneumonia
-pulmonary disease
-esophagitis
-esophageal stricture
dx for gastroesophageal reflux
Answer: -weight
-length
-OFC
-chest x-ray (resp symptoms)
-pH probe
tx for gastroesophageal reflux
Answer: -feed thickened formula
-feed small, frequent meals
-elevate HOB
-antacids
-Nissan fundoplication
