Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
NSG-320 Exam 4 Verified and Updated
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
osteoarthritis
Answer: -The most common arthritis and a major cause of disability
among adults in the United States and the world
-Non-inflammatory
-Also referred to as degenerative joint disease (DJD)
-More common in older patients
-Often accompanies other diseases. such as psoriasis, Crohn's disease, and
hemophilia
-The presence of inflammation in patients with osteoarthritis indicates a secondary
synovitis
Clinical Manifestations:
-Complaints of chronic joint pain and stiffness
-Joint tenderness on palpation
-Crepitus may be present with ROM
-Enlarged joints related to bony hypertrophy
-Joints feel hard on palpation
-If inflammation is present, it indicates secondary synovitis
-Heberden's nodes: bony nodules at the distal interphalangeal joints
-Bouchard's nodes: bony nodules at the proximal interphalangeal joints
,Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
Drug Therapy:
-Purpose is to reduce pain and secondary joint inflammation
-No drug therapy can influence the course
-Acetaminophen
-Topical lidocaine
-NSAIDs (PO and topical)
-Flexeril (muscle spasms)
-Ultram
NC:
-Rest balanced with exercise 7-8 hrs of sleep
-Joint positioning: position joints in their functional position, wear supportive shoes
-Heat or cold applications
-Weight control
-Range of motion
-Light exercised
-Physical therapy: muscle strengthening exercises
-If other measures ineffective, surgery may be performed to reduce pain
-Teach patients to eat a well-balanced diet with OMEGA-3
osteoporosis
Answer: -A chronic metabolic disease in which bone loss causes decreased density
and increases the risk of fracture
,Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
-Often referred to as a silent thief, the first indication in most people occurs as a
fracture, often of the hip, spine, or wrist.
-Most patients are unaware that they have it until they experience a fracture, the
most common complication of the disease.
-It and osteopenia (low bone mass) occur when bone resorption activity is greater
than bone-building activity.
-It is caused by a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk Factors:
-Older age
-Female
-Low body weight
-White & Asian ethnicity
-Smoker
-Sedentary (lack of physical exercise)
-Estrogen deficiency
-Family history
-Chronic low calcium or vitamin D (osteomalacia)
Clinical Manifestations:
-Back pain, restrictive movements, loss of height
-Dowager's hump (kyphosis of the dorsal spine or less hight)
-Risk of fractures-radius and femur/hip
, Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
Diagnostic Testing:
-Bone mineral density (BMD)
-Osteoporosis = T-score < -2.5
-Serum calcium, vitamin D, and ALP
Nursing Interventions:
-Nutrition
-Physical activity
-Medication: biophosphonates (Alendronate); = take on an empty stomach first thing
in the morning raloxifene (Evista) mimics estrogen without stimulation of breast or
uterus
-Kyphoplasty
-Educate the patient and family on home safety
osteomyelitis
Answer: -Severe infections of the bone, bone marrow, and surrounding soft tissue
Risk Factors:
-Diabetes
-Orthopedic prosthetic implants
-Vascular insufficiency
Clinical Manifestations:
-Bone pain
-Swelling
NSG-320 Exam 4 Verified and Updated
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
osteoarthritis
Answer: -The most common arthritis and a major cause of disability
among adults in the United States and the world
-Non-inflammatory
-Also referred to as degenerative joint disease (DJD)
-More common in older patients
-Often accompanies other diseases. such as psoriasis, Crohn's disease, and
hemophilia
-The presence of inflammation in patients with osteoarthritis indicates a secondary
synovitis
Clinical Manifestations:
-Complaints of chronic joint pain and stiffness
-Joint tenderness on palpation
-Crepitus may be present with ROM
-Enlarged joints related to bony hypertrophy
-Joints feel hard on palpation
-If inflammation is present, it indicates secondary synovitis
-Heberden's nodes: bony nodules at the distal interphalangeal joints
-Bouchard's nodes: bony nodules at the proximal interphalangeal joints
,Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
Drug Therapy:
-Purpose is to reduce pain and secondary joint inflammation
-No drug therapy can influence the course
-Acetaminophen
-Topical lidocaine
-NSAIDs (PO and topical)
-Flexeril (muscle spasms)
-Ultram
NC:
-Rest balanced with exercise 7-8 hrs of sleep
-Joint positioning: position joints in their functional position, wear supportive shoes
-Heat or cold applications
-Weight control
-Range of motion
-Light exercised
-Physical therapy: muscle strengthening exercises
-If other measures ineffective, surgery may be performed to reduce pain
-Teach patients to eat a well-balanced diet with OMEGA-3
osteoporosis
Answer: -A chronic metabolic disease in which bone loss causes decreased density
and increases the risk of fracture
,Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
-Often referred to as a silent thief, the first indication in most people occurs as a
fracture, often of the hip, spine, or wrist.
-Most patients are unaware that they have it until they experience a fracture, the
most common complication of the disease.
-It and osteopenia (low bone mass) occur when bone resorption activity is greater
than bone-building activity.
-It is caused by a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk Factors:
-Older age
-Female
-Low body weight
-White & Asian ethnicity
-Smoker
-Sedentary (lack of physical exercise)
-Estrogen deficiency
-Family history
-Chronic low calcium or vitamin D (osteomalacia)
Clinical Manifestations:
-Back pain, restrictive movements, loss of height
-Dowager's hump (kyphosis of the dorsal spine or less hight)
-Risk of fractures-radius and femur/hip
, Inquire through: | Professional | Confidential Support
Diagnostic Testing:
-Bone mineral density (BMD)
-Osteoporosis = T-score < -2.5
-Serum calcium, vitamin D, and ALP
Nursing Interventions:
-Nutrition
-Physical activity
-Medication: biophosphonates (Alendronate); = take on an empty stomach first thing
in the morning raloxifene (Evista) mimics estrogen without stimulation of breast or
uterus
-Kyphoplasty
-Educate the patient and family on home safety
osteomyelitis
Answer: -Severe infections of the bone, bone marrow, and surrounding soft tissue
Risk Factors:
-Diabetes
-Orthopedic prosthetic implants
-Vascular insufficiency
Clinical Manifestations:
-Bone pain
-Swelling
