JEA CJE TEST ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
● Summarize Tinker v. Des Moines.. Answer: Students were suspended by school officials
for wearing a simple black armband to school to protest Vietnam War.
● What was the supreme court ruling for Tinker v. Des Moines?. Answer: The U.S.
Supreme Court held the students' speech was protected. Students, the Court held, do not
"shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate,"
and school officials may not punish or prohibit student speech unless they can clearly
demonstrate that it will result in a material and substantial disruption of normal school
activities or invades the rights of others.
● Summarize Hazelwood v. Kulhmeier.. Answer: The principal of Hazelwood East High
School outside St. Louis, Mo., censored from the student newspaper a special teen issue
section that included articles on teen pregnancy and the impact of divorce on students that he
found objectionable. Members of the student staff sued.
● What was the U.S. District ruling for Hazelwood v. Kulhmeier?. Answer: The U.S
District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri held that students' First Amendment rights
were not violated. The students appealed.
● What was the U.S. 8th Circuit Court of Appeals ruling for Hazelwood v. Kulhmeier?.
Answer: The U.S. 8th Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the District Court decision, primarily
relying on the Supreme Court's 1969 decision in Tinker.
● What was the U.S. Supreme Court ruling for Hazelwood v. Kulhmeier?. Answer: The
U.S. Supreme Court reversed the Court of Appeals decision and held that a high
school-sponsored newspaper produced as part of a class and without a "policy or practice"
establishing it as a public forum for student expression could be censored where school
officials demonstrated a reasonable educational justification and where their censorship was
viewpoint-neutral.
● Summarize Bethel v. Fraser?. Answer: At a school assembly of approximately 600 high
school students, Matthew Fraser made a speech nominating a fellow student for elective
office. In his speech, Fraser used what some observers believed was a graphic sexual
metaphor to promote the candidacy of his friend. As part of its disciplinary code, Bethel High
School enforced a rule prohibiting conduct which "substantially interferes with the educational
, process ... including the use of obscene, profane language or gestures." Fraser was
suspended from school for two days.
● What was the U.S. Supreme Court ruling for Bethel v. Fraser?. Answer: The U.S.
Supreme Court found that it was appropriate for the school to prohibit the use of vulgar and
offensive language. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger distinguished between political speech
which the court previously had protected in Tinker ... and the supposed sexual content of
Fraser's message at the assembly. Burger concluded that the First Amendment did not
prohibit schools from prohibiting vulgar and lewd speech since such discourse was
inconsistent with the "fundamental values of public school education."
● Summarize Morse v. Frederick.. Answer: In 2002, high school principal Deborah Morse
suspended 18-year-old Joseph Frederick after he displayed a banner reading "BONG HiTS 4
JESUS" across the street from the school during the 2002 Olympic Torch Relay.[2] Frederick
sued, claiming his constitutional rights to free speech were violated.
● What was the ruling of the district court?. Answer: The District Court found no
constitutional violation and ruled in favor of Morse. The court held that even if there were a
violation, the principal had qualified immunity from lawsuit.
● What was the ruling of the Ninth Circuit Court?. Answer: The U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Ninth Circuit reversed. The Ninth Circuit cited Tinker v. Des Moines Independent
Community School District, which extended First Amendment protection to student speech
except where the speech would cause a disturbance. Because Frederick was punished for his
message rather than for any disturbance, the Circuit Court ruled, the punishment was
unconstitutional. Furthermore, the principal had no qualified immunity, because any
reasonable principal would have known that Morse's actions were unlawful.
● What was the ruling of the US Supreme Court?. Answer: The Court reversed the Ninth
Circuit by a 5-4 vote, ruling that school officials can prohibit students from displaying
messages that promote illegal drug use. Chief Justice John Roberts's majority opinion held
that although students do have some right to political speech even while in school, this right
does not extend to pro-drug messages that may undermine the school's important mission to
discourage drug use.
● Summarize Dean v. Utica.. Answer: Katy Dean wrote a story for the Utica High School
Arrow about a lawsuit filed against Utica Community Schools by Utica residents Rey and
Joanne Frances. The couple maintained that diesel exhaust from a school bus garage, owned
by the district and located near their home, exacerbated Rey's lung cancer. Utica officials
maintained that Dean's story was inaccurate and poorly researched, which led the
superintendent to censor it.
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
● Summarize Tinker v. Des Moines.. Answer: Students were suspended by school officials
for wearing a simple black armband to school to protest Vietnam War.
● What was the supreme court ruling for Tinker v. Des Moines?. Answer: The U.S.
Supreme Court held the students' speech was protected. Students, the Court held, do not
"shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate,"
and school officials may not punish or prohibit student speech unless they can clearly
demonstrate that it will result in a material and substantial disruption of normal school
activities or invades the rights of others.
● Summarize Hazelwood v. Kulhmeier.. Answer: The principal of Hazelwood East High
School outside St. Louis, Mo., censored from the student newspaper a special teen issue
section that included articles on teen pregnancy and the impact of divorce on students that he
found objectionable. Members of the student staff sued.
● What was the U.S. District ruling for Hazelwood v. Kulhmeier?. Answer: The U.S
District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri held that students' First Amendment rights
were not violated. The students appealed.
● What was the U.S. 8th Circuit Court of Appeals ruling for Hazelwood v. Kulhmeier?.
Answer: The U.S. 8th Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the District Court decision, primarily
relying on the Supreme Court's 1969 decision in Tinker.
● What was the U.S. Supreme Court ruling for Hazelwood v. Kulhmeier?. Answer: The
U.S. Supreme Court reversed the Court of Appeals decision and held that a high
school-sponsored newspaper produced as part of a class and without a "policy or practice"
establishing it as a public forum for student expression could be censored where school
officials demonstrated a reasonable educational justification and where their censorship was
viewpoint-neutral.
● Summarize Bethel v. Fraser?. Answer: At a school assembly of approximately 600 high
school students, Matthew Fraser made a speech nominating a fellow student for elective
office. In his speech, Fraser used what some observers believed was a graphic sexual
metaphor to promote the candidacy of his friend. As part of its disciplinary code, Bethel High
School enforced a rule prohibiting conduct which "substantially interferes with the educational
, process ... including the use of obscene, profane language or gestures." Fraser was
suspended from school for two days.
● What was the U.S. Supreme Court ruling for Bethel v. Fraser?. Answer: The U.S.
Supreme Court found that it was appropriate for the school to prohibit the use of vulgar and
offensive language. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger distinguished between political speech
which the court previously had protected in Tinker ... and the supposed sexual content of
Fraser's message at the assembly. Burger concluded that the First Amendment did not
prohibit schools from prohibiting vulgar and lewd speech since such discourse was
inconsistent with the "fundamental values of public school education."
● Summarize Morse v. Frederick.. Answer: In 2002, high school principal Deborah Morse
suspended 18-year-old Joseph Frederick after he displayed a banner reading "BONG HiTS 4
JESUS" across the street from the school during the 2002 Olympic Torch Relay.[2] Frederick
sued, claiming his constitutional rights to free speech were violated.
● What was the ruling of the district court?. Answer: The District Court found no
constitutional violation and ruled in favor of Morse. The court held that even if there were a
violation, the principal had qualified immunity from lawsuit.
● What was the ruling of the Ninth Circuit Court?. Answer: The U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Ninth Circuit reversed. The Ninth Circuit cited Tinker v. Des Moines Independent
Community School District, which extended First Amendment protection to student speech
except where the speech would cause a disturbance. Because Frederick was punished for his
message rather than for any disturbance, the Circuit Court ruled, the punishment was
unconstitutional. Furthermore, the principal had no qualified immunity, because any
reasonable principal would have known that Morse's actions were unlawful.
● What was the ruling of the US Supreme Court?. Answer: The Court reversed the Ninth
Circuit by a 5-4 vote, ruling that school officials can prohibit students from displaying
messages that promote illegal drug use. Chief Justice John Roberts's majority opinion held
that although students do have some right to political speech even while in school, this right
does not extend to pro-drug messages that may undermine the school's important mission to
discourage drug use.
● Summarize Dean v. Utica.. Answer: Katy Dean wrote a story for the Utica High School
Arrow about a lawsuit filed against Utica Community Schools by Utica residents Rey and
Joanne Frances. The couple maintained that diesel exhaust from a school bus garage, owned
by the district and located near their home, exacerbated Rey's lung cancer. Utica officials
maintained that Dean's story was inaccurate and poorly researched, which led the
superintendent to censor it.
