KUBY IMMUNOLOGY EXAM 1 (CH.1-5)
EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+
What are pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)?
- ANSWERS-Molecular patterns common to pathogens but
not occurring in mammals. PAMPs are recognized by various
pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system.
What are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)? - ANSWERS-
Receptors if the innate immune system that recognize
molecular patterns (PAMPs) present on pathogens but
absent in the host
Why are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) germline-
encoded recognition molecules? - ANSWERS-Provide a first
line of defense for the quick detection of many typical
chemical identifiers carried by the most common invaders.
,Why is the host-pathogen interactions an ongoing arms
race? - ANSWERS-Pathogens evolve to express unique
structures that avoid host detection. The host germline
encoded recognition system co-evolves to match new
challenges.
What triggers clonal selection? - ANSWERS-Antigens binding
to the surface receptors of B and T cells.
What is clonal selection? - ANSWERS-The antigen-mediated
activation and proliferation of B cells and T cells. The
ensuing proliferation of the selected clone of cells creates an
army of cells all with the same receptor and responsible for
binding more of the same receptor and responsible for
binding more of the same antigen, with the ultimate goal of
destroying the pathogen.
What are B cell receptors? - ANSWERS-Complex comprising
a membrane-bound antibody
What are T cell receptors? - ANSWERS-Antigen-binding
molecule expressed on the surface of T-cells
,What is tolerance? - ANSWERS-A state of immunologic
unresponsiveness to particular antigens or sets of antigens.
What is a consequence of generating random recognition
receptors? - ANSWERS-Some could recognize and target the
host.
How is tolerance utilized by the immune system? -
ANSWERS-To avoid recognizing and destroying host tissues.
What does successful maintenance of tolerance ensure? -
ANSWERS-That the host always knows the difference
between self and non-self.
What is the difference between central tolerance and
peripheral tolerance? - ANSWERS-Central tolerance - helps
to keep these ant-self recognition molecules/cells from
circulating in the bloodstream.
Peripheral tolerance - Helps limit the damage due to anti-
self cells in circulation
What is the difference between the innate immune
response and the adaptive immune response? - ANSWERS-
Innate Immunity - Non-antigen specific host defenses that
, exist prior to exposure to an antigen and involve anatomic,
physiologic, endocytic and phagocytic, anti-microbial, and
inflammatory mechanisms. Exhibits no adaptation or
memory characteristics.
Adaptive Immunity - Host defenses that are mediated by B
cells and T cells following exposure to antigen and that
exhibit specificity, diversity, memory, and self-non-self
discrimination.
What are physical, chemical, and molecular barriers of the
innate immunity response? - ANSWERS-Physical - Skin,
tears, sweat
Chemical - Stomach acids
Molecular - PRRs (results in phagocytosis or destruction of
pathogen)
Why is the innate immune response highly effective as a
first line of defense? - ANSWERS-It prevents most pathogens
from taking hold, or eliminates infectious agents within
hours of encounter
Which two immune responses are involved in adaptive
immunity? - ANSWERS-Humoral immune response
EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+
What are pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)?
- ANSWERS-Molecular patterns common to pathogens but
not occurring in mammals. PAMPs are recognized by various
pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system.
What are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)? - ANSWERS-
Receptors if the innate immune system that recognize
molecular patterns (PAMPs) present on pathogens but
absent in the host
Why are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) germline-
encoded recognition molecules? - ANSWERS-Provide a first
line of defense for the quick detection of many typical
chemical identifiers carried by the most common invaders.
,Why is the host-pathogen interactions an ongoing arms
race? - ANSWERS-Pathogens evolve to express unique
structures that avoid host detection. The host germline
encoded recognition system co-evolves to match new
challenges.
What triggers clonal selection? - ANSWERS-Antigens binding
to the surface receptors of B and T cells.
What is clonal selection? - ANSWERS-The antigen-mediated
activation and proliferation of B cells and T cells. The
ensuing proliferation of the selected clone of cells creates an
army of cells all with the same receptor and responsible for
binding more of the same receptor and responsible for
binding more of the same antigen, with the ultimate goal of
destroying the pathogen.
What are B cell receptors? - ANSWERS-Complex comprising
a membrane-bound antibody
What are T cell receptors? - ANSWERS-Antigen-binding
molecule expressed on the surface of T-cells
,What is tolerance? - ANSWERS-A state of immunologic
unresponsiveness to particular antigens or sets of antigens.
What is a consequence of generating random recognition
receptors? - ANSWERS-Some could recognize and target the
host.
How is tolerance utilized by the immune system? -
ANSWERS-To avoid recognizing and destroying host tissues.
What does successful maintenance of tolerance ensure? -
ANSWERS-That the host always knows the difference
between self and non-self.
What is the difference between central tolerance and
peripheral tolerance? - ANSWERS-Central tolerance - helps
to keep these ant-self recognition molecules/cells from
circulating in the bloodstream.
Peripheral tolerance - Helps limit the damage due to anti-
self cells in circulation
What is the difference between the innate immune
response and the adaptive immune response? - ANSWERS-
Innate Immunity - Non-antigen specific host defenses that
, exist prior to exposure to an antigen and involve anatomic,
physiologic, endocytic and phagocytic, anti-microbial, and
inflammatory mechanisms. Exhibits no adaptation or
memory characteristics.
Adaptive Immunity - Host defenses that are mediated by B
cells and T cells following exposure to antigen and that
exhibit specificity, diversity, memory, and self-non-self
discrimination.
What are physical, chemical, and molecular barriers of the
innate immunity response? - ANSWERS-Physical - Skin,
tears, sweat
Chemical - Stomach acids
Molecular - PRRs (results in phagocytosis or destruction of
pathogen)
Why is the innate immune response highly effective as a
first line of defense? - ANSWERS-It prevents most pathogens
from taking hold, or eliminates infectious agents within
hours of encounter
Which two immune responses are involved in adaptive
immunity? - ANSWERS-Humoral immune response
