MMSC 407 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY FINAL
ACTUAL EXAMINATION COMPREHENSIVE
TEST PAPER 2026 EXTENSIVE FIFTY
ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH VERY
DETAILED WELL DEFINED CORRECT
ANSWERS WELL ORGANIZED GRADED A+
⩥ what is the order of the basic components of a spectrophotometer.
Answer: 1. light source
2. collimating lens
3. entrance slit
4. monochromator
5. exit slit
6. sample cuvette
7. PM tube
8. photodetector
9.display
⩥ Types of light sources. Answer: Tungsten (quartz vapor): visible light
Hydrogen/deuterium: UV light
Xenon/mercury vapor: UV light
,⩥ considerations for light source. Answer: cool constant beam of light
intense light with small filament
easily replaceable, highly reproducible
⩥ what is a collimating lens?. Answer: curved optical lens that make the
light rays parallel
⩥ what is the purpose of a monochromator?. Answer: selects a narrow
range of wavelengths from the white light
⩥ visible light wavelengths. Answer: · 350-430 violet
· 430-475 blue
· 475-495 blue-green
· 495-505 green-blue
· 505-555 green
· 555-575 yellow green
· 575-600 yellow
· 600-650 orange
. 670-700 red
· Below 350 : UV
⩥ What is a bandpass?. Answer: the actual range of wavelengths
transmitted by a monochromator.
,each instrument will have a different bandpass
⩥ Bandpass are influenced by. Answer: Type of monochromator
Exit slit width
Distance between the monochromator and exit slit (greater the distance
the more narrow the bandpass)
⩥ Interference filter. Answer: composed of 2 parallel sheets of half-
silvered glass surrounding a core of MgF2
ADV: good bandpass
DISADV: dirty easily, one filter per wavelength
⩥ prism. Answer: ADV: narrow bandpass, spectrum of wavelengths
DISADV: expensive
⩥ diffraction grating. Answer: Composed of polished reflective surfaces
onto which sharply defined, parallel grooves have been etched
ADV: narrow bandpass
DISADV: expensive
⩥ Properties of types of cuvettes. Answer: shape: round or sqaure
(square is better because it relfects less light)
Type of material
, clear glass
quartz: UV
plastic: most common
flow: through the cuvette
⩥ What is a photomutiplier tube?. Answer: amplifies the primary signal
best and most senstive photodetector
⩥ wavelength calibration. Answer: Preformed daily
Purpose: to ensure that the wavelength indicated on the wavelength dial
is the actual wavelength of the light passed by the monochromator
didymium filter
⩥ Absorbance calibration/photometric accuracy. Answer: Preformed
daily
Purpose: ensures the absorbance reading is accurate and linear
To ensure a lack of stray light
Neutral density filter (340 nm , 500 nm) and cobalt ammonium sulfate
solutions
ACTUAL EXAMINATION COMPREHENSIVE
TEST PAPER 2026 EXTENSIVE FIFTY
ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH VERY
DETAILED WELL DEFINED CORRECT
ANSWERS WELL ORGANIZED GRADED A+
⩥ what is the order of the basic components of a spectrophotometer.
Answer: 1. light source
2. collimating lens
3. entrance slit
4. monochromator
5. exit slit
6. sample cuvette
7. PM tube
8. photodetector
9.display
⩥ Types of light sources. Answer: Tungsten (quartz vapor): visible light
Hydrogen/deuterium: UV light
Xenon/mercury vapor: UV light
,⩥ considerations for light source. Answer: cool constant beam of light
intense light with small filament
easily replaceable, highly reproducible
⩥ what is a collimating lens?. Answer: curved optical lens that make the
light rays parallel
⩥ what is the purpose of a monochromator?. Answer: selects a narrow
range of wavelengths from the white light
⩥ visible light wavelengths. Answer: · 350-430 violet
· 430-475 blue
· 475-495 blue-green
· 495-505 green-blue
· 505-555 green
· 555-575 yellow green
· 575-600 yellow
· 600-650 orange
. 670-700 red
· Below 350 : UV
⩥ What is a bandpass?. Answer: the actual range of wavelengths
transmitted by a monochromator.
,each instrument will have a different bandpass
⩥ Bandpass are influenced by. Answer: Type of monochromator
Exit slit width
Distance between the monochromator and exit slit (greater the distance
the more narrow the bandpass)
⩥ Interference filter. Answer: composed of 2 parallel sheets of half-
silvered glass surrounding a core of MgF2
ADV: good bandpass
DISADV: dirty easily, one filter per wavelength
⩥ prism. Answer: ADV: narrow bandpass, spectrum of wavelengths
DISADV: expensive
⩥ diffraction grating. Answer: Composed of polished reflective surfaces
onto which sharply defined, parallel grooves have been etched
ADV: narrow bandpass
DISADV: expensive
⩥ Properties of types of cuvettes. Answer: shape: round or sqaure
(square is better because it relfects less light)
Type of material
, clear glass
quartz: UV
plastic: most common
flow: through the cuvette
⩥ What is a photomutiplier tube?. Answer: amplifies the primary signal
best and most senstive photodetector
⩥ wavelength calibration. Answer: Preformed daily
Purpose: to ensure that the wavelength indicated on the wavelength dial
is the actual wavelength of the light passed by the monochromator
didymium filter
⩥ Absorbance calibration/photometric accuracy. Answer: Preformed
daily
Purpose: ensures the absorbance reading is accurate and linear
To ensure a lack of stray light
Neutral density filter (340 nm , 500 nm) and cobalt ammonium sulfate
solutions
