MO221 STUDY GUIDE EXAMINATION TEST
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
◉ OB examines: Answer: - How employees behave, perceive, make
decisions, and respond emotionally
- How individuals and teams in organizations relate to each other and
their counterparts in other organizations
- How organizations interact with their external environments
◉ What makes orgs successful? Even during disruption + change?
- According to the Fortune 2022 100 Best Companies to Work For® list,
top companies prioritized the following: Answer: - Employee well-being
- Inclusion
- Purpose
- Listening
- Care
◉ A) In 2020, the best companies outperformed the market by ____
B) Why? Their Employees stayed _____ because they... Answer: A)
16.5%
B) engaged, trusted their leaders
,◉ OB is about... Answer: learning and practicing the concepts and
principles that help you to become an inclusive, trustworthy, &
EFFECTIVE teammate + leader
◉ What is an organization? Answer: Groups of people who work
interdependently toward some purpose
◉ Organizations have varying structures based on the following
contingencies: Answer: - External environment
- Organizational size
- Technology
- Organizational strategy
◉ 2 elements of organizational structure that impact management:
Answer: - Span of Control
- Centralization
◉ Span of control definition and types Answer: Span of control: the
number of people directly reporting to the next level above in the
hierarchy
Types: narrow + wide
◉ Narrow span of control: Answer: "tall structures" where few people
report directly to a manager
,◉ Wide span of control: Answer: "flat structures" where a manager has
many direct reports
◉ A) Organizations with a Narrow Span of Control (Taller structure)
include:
B) Organizations that ARE/NOT highly regulated are more likely to
have this type of structure. Why do you think this is? Answer: A)
General Electric, Wells-Fargo, Boston University, most militaries +
governments
B) ARE;
- Traditional hierarchies tend to have longer chains of command, which
allows for more control of processes (+ employees)
- but can mean that employees have less autonomy (which can be
demotivating), + decision-making
+ change tends to be relatively slow
◉ A) Organizations with a Wide Span of Control (Flatter structure)
include:
B) Why do you think organizations of today are moving more toward
this type of structure? Answer: A) Tesla, Whirlpool, Cisco, Pandora,
Google, Apple
B) Flatter companies tend to value communication + collaboration
(which is why this is a popular structure at tech companies), which is
possible w/out as many layers of management between you + the CEO
, - Companies are moving toward flatter structures (delayering
companies) b/c of the quick communication + collaboration that allows
for the spread of ideas through orgs.
- However, the burden on managers tends to be greater w/ more direct
reports
◉ Centralization: Answer: the degree to which formal decision authority
is held by a small number of people (typically at the top of the
organizational hierarchy)
◉ Centralized organizations: Answer: have most decisions made by top
management, and members often have "standard operating procedures"
for decision-making, aimed at creating efficiency
◉ Decentralized organizations: Answer: disperse decision-making
through the organization, because senior executives have to/want to, +
members often can give insights/innovation for strategic management.
◉ A) Organizations that are Centralized include:
B) Advantages:
C) Disadvantages Answer: A) Microsoft, Apple, and most start-ups,
manufacturing firms, & hotel chains
B) Advantages: clear chain of command, focused vision, reduced costs,
quick decision-implementation, improved work quality
C) Disadvantages: Bureaucratic leadership, remote control of work,
work delays, weak employee loyalty
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
◉ OB examines: Answer: - How employees behave, perceive, make
decisions, and respond emotionally
- How individuals and teams in organizations relate to each other and
their counterparts in other organizations
- How organizations interact with their external environments
◉ What makes orgs successful? Even during disruption + change?
- According to the Fortune 2022 100 Best Companies to Work For® list,
top companies prioritized the following: Answer: - Employee well-being
- Inclusion
- Purpose
- Listening
- Care
◉ A) In 2020, the best companies outperformed the market by ____
B) Why? Their Employees stayed _____ because they... Answer: A)
16.5%
B) engaged, trusted their leaders
,◉ OB is about... Answer: learning and practicing the concepts and
principles that help you to become an inclusive, trustworthy, &
EFFECTIVE teammate + leader
◉ What is an organization? Answer: Groups of people who work
interdependently toward some purpose
◉ Organizations have varying structures based on the following
contingencies: Answer: - External environment
- Organizational size
- Technology
- Organizational strategy
◉ 2 elements of organizational structure that impact management:
Answer: - Span of Control
- Centralization
◉ Span of control definition and types Answer: Span of control: the
number of people directly reporting to the next level above in the
hierarchy
Types: narrow + wide
◉ Narrow span of control: Answer: "tall structures" where few people
report directly to a manager
,◉ Wide span of control: Answer: "flat structures" where a manager has
many direct reports
◉ A) Organizations with a Narrow Span of Control (Taller structure)
include:
B) Organizations that ARE/NOT highly regulated are more likely to
have this type of structure. Why do you think this is? Answer: A)
General Electric, Wells-Fargo, Boston University, most militaries +
governments
B) ARE;
- Traditional hierarchies tend to have longer chains of command, which
allows for more control of processes (+ employees)
- but can mean that employees have less autonomy (which can be
demotivating), + decision-making
+ change tends to be relatively slow
◉ A) Organizations with a Wide Span of Control (Flatter structure)
include:
B) Why do you think organizations of today are moving more toward
this type of structure? Answer: A) Tesla, Whirlpool, Cisco, Pandora,
Google, Apple
B) Flatter companies tend to value communication + collaboration
(which is why this is a popular structure at tech companies), which is
possible w/out as many layers of management between you + the CEO
, - Companies are moving toward flatter structures (delayering
companies) b/c of the quick communication + collaboration that allows
for the spread of ideas through orgs.
- However, the burden on managers tends to be greater w/ more direct
reports
◉ Centralization: Answer: the degree to which formal decision authority
is held by a small number of people (typically at the top of the
organizational hierarchy)
◉ Centralized organizations: Answer: have most decisions made by top
management, and members often have "standard operating procedures"
for decision-making, aimed at creating efficiency
◉ Decentralized organizations: Answer: disperse decision-making
through the organization, because senior executives have to/want to, +
members often can give insights/innovation for strategic management.
◉ A) Organizations that are Centralized include:
B) Advantages:
C) Disadvantages Answer: A) Microsoft, Apple, and most start-ups,
manufacturing firms, & hotel chains
B) Advantages: clear chain of command, focused vision, reduced costs,
quick decision-implementation, improved work quality
C) Disadvantages: Bureaucratic leadership, remote control of work,
work delays, weak employee loyalty
