NR 566 Final Exam Study Guide
(2026) - PharmacologyChamberlain
University College of Nur, Exams of
Nursing
ANSWERiris syndrome during cataract surgery. Chlamydia tx - //azithromycin
1g PO x single dose. doxycycline 100mg PO BID 7 days Gonococcal urethritis
tx - ANSWER//ceftriaxone IM single dose 250mg-1g based on weight
Bacterial vaginosis tx - ANSWER//metronidazole 500mg PO 2x day for 7 days.
Herpes (HSV) tx - ANSWER//acyclovir 400mg TID 7-10 days, valacyclovir or
famciclovir Trichomoniasis tx - ANSWER//metronidazole 2g PO x1 dose or
tinidazole Syphilis - ANSWER//benzathine penicillin 2.4mil units IM Mild
symptoms PD tx - ANSWER//MAO-B inhibitor like rasagiline or selegiline
Severe symptoms PD tx - ANSWER//levodopa + carbodopa or dopamine
agonist PD tx for improving motor function - ANSWER//levodopa PD tx for
drug induced dyskinesias - ANSWER//dopamine agonist COMT inhibitor -
ANSWER//Entacapone (Comtan). added to levo/carbidopa to increase levo
concentrations & extend half life & decrease wearing off time Pramipexole
side effects - ANSWER//impulse control disorders, combined with levodopa
causes orthostatic hypotension and dyskinesias Pregabalin -
ANSWER//Safest medication for seizure patients on OC Phenytoin -
ANSWER//can decrease effects of OCs, warfarin and glucocorticoids
Migraine tx 1st line - ANSWER//serotonin 1b/1d receptor agonists (triptans)
First line migraine prevention - ANSWER//propanolol Divalproex -
ANSWER//antiepileptic med reduce migraine attacks. Contraindicated in
pregnancy Amitriptyline - ANSWER//tricyclic antidepressant. Can prevent
migraine/tension type headache. Orthostatic hypotension Preventative
migraine meds - ANSWER//propanolol, divalproex and amitriptyline Abortive
migraine meds - ANSWER//non specific NSAIDs, migraine specific analgesics,
ergot alkaloids, dihydroergotamine Non-specific NSAIDS - ANSWER//aspirin,
naproxen, diclofenac and metoclopramide. Combos of acetaminophen
+aspirin + caffeine Butorphanol nasal spray - ANSWER//opioid analgesic for
migraine Migraine specific analgesics - ANSWER//SS 1b/1d receptor
angonists (triptans) Triptans MOA - ANSWER//constrict intracranial blood
vessels and suppress release of inflammatory neuropeptides Sumatriptan
contraindications - ANSWER//contraindicated in pts with hx of ischemic HD,
MI, uncontrolled HTN or other heart dz. Avoid in pregnancy Ergot Alkaloids
and dihydroergotamine - ANSWER//2nd line therapy after 1st doesnt work
Pramipexole can cause - ANSWER//sleep attacks (overwhelming and
irresistible sleepiness) screening before pramipexol prescribing -
ANSWER//compulsive behaviors Parkinsons disease - ANSWER//underlying
cause of motor symptoms is loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia
nigra cardinal symptoms PD - ANSWER//resting tremor, rigidity, postural
instability, slowed movement Levodopa - ANSWER//most effective med for
Parkinsons Additions to levodopa - ANSWER//dopamine agonists, MAOB
inhibitors, COMT inhibitors, Amantadine and anticholinergics Amantadine
, (symmetrel) - ANSWER//NMDA receptor antagonist. Effective as
monotherapy and adjunct therapy for off times and dyskinesia Gocovir -
ANSWER//extended release amantadine. Used for dyskinesias Benztropine
(Cogentin) - ANSWER//minimizes resting tremor and drooling but not as
efficacious as other meds in treating rigidity, bradykinesia and gait problems
Rivastigimine (Exelon) transdermal patch - ANSWER//used for dementia
associated with parkinsons disease Alzheimers disease -
ANSWER//progressive memory loss and decreased brain function from
protein deposits in the brain impairing function of neurons causing them to
lose connection with other brain cells and die major pathologic findings -
ANSWER//cerebral atrophy, degeneration of cholinergic neurons, neuritic
plaques and neurofibrillary tangles hippocampus - ANSWER//memory
cerebral cortex - ANSWER//central to speech, perception, reasoning and
other higher functions B-Amyloid Neuritic plaques - ANSWER//spherical
bodies of neuritic plaques made up of beta amyloid. B amyloid found in high
levels in AD patients and can occur 10-20 years before first symptoms appear
Memantine - ANSWER//used to treat severe dementia/AD and reduces
actions of chemicals in the brain contributing to AD. use in caution w pts hx of
cardiovascular dz, hepatic/renal impairment or ophthalmic dz Donepezil
(Aricept) - ANSWER//tx moderate to severe AD. Cholinesterase inhibitors -
ANSWER//donepezil, rivastigimine and galantamine NMDA antagonist -
ANSWER//memantine Bipolar dz treatment (other drugs) -
ANSWER//anticonvulsants, clonazepam, lorazepam, oxcarbazepine,
antidepressants, mood stabilizers and antipsychotics Mood stabilizers -
ANSWER//lithium and divalproex sodium Divalproex Sodium (Valproate) -
ANSWER//controls sx in acute manic episodes and can help prevent relapse
into mania. Teratogen and can cause thrombocytopenia, pancreatitis and liver
failure Carbamezepine (Tegretol, Equetro) - ANSWER//approved for tx and
prevention of manic episodes. Neuro side effects-- visual disturbances, ataxia,
vertigo, unsteadiness, headache Lithium - ANSWER//drug of choice for
controlling manic episodes and for long term ppx against recurrence of mania
or depression. monitoring is mandatory Lithium can accumulate to toxic levels
in what sodium level... - ANSWER//LOW SODIUM. edu patients to maintain
normal sodium intake Diuretics and lithium - ANSWER//these promote sodium
loss and can increase r/f lithium toxicity NSAIDs and lithium -
ANSWER//increase lithium levels by 60% NSAIDs to prescribe when on
lithium if necessary - ANSWER//aspirin or sulindac bc they do not increase
levels Lithium drug interactions - ANSWER//diruetics, NSAIDs and
anticholinergics Anticholinergics and lithium - ANSWER//cause urinary
hesitancy + lithium induced polyuria which can cause discomfort. AVOID
antihistamines, phenothiazine, antipsychotics and TCAs Lithium level
monitoring - ANSWER//measure levels every 2-3 days during initial therapy
and every 3-6 months during maintenance. Serum levels checked 5 days after
any dosage change and 6 months thereafter LIthium can be toxic to what
other organs - ANSWER//renal and thyroid. Check renal/thyroid function every
6 months SSRIs for MDD - ANSWER//fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram,
fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline Adverse effects of Venlafaxine -
ANSWER//nausea, HA, anorexia, nervousness, sweating, somnolence,
insomnia, dose related sustained diastolic HTN, mydriasis, sexual dysfunction.
Venlafaxine drug interaction - ANSWER//combo with MAOI is contraindicated.
(2026) - PharmacologyChamberlain
University College of Nur, Exams of
Nursing
ANSWERiris syndrome during cataract surgery. Chlamydia tx - //azithromycin
1g PO x single dose. doxycycline 100mg PO BID 7 days Gonococcal urethritis
tx - ANSWER//ceftriaxone IM single dose 250mg-1g based on weight
Bacterial vaginosis tx - ANSWER//metronidazole 500mg PO 2x day for 7 days.
Herpes (HSV) tx - ANSWER//acyclovir 400mg TID 7-10 days, valacyclovir or
famciclovir Trichomoniasis tx - ANSWER//metronidazole 2g PO x1 dose or
tinidazole Syphilis - ANSWER//benzathine penicillin 2.4mil units IM Mild
symptoms PD tx - ANSWER//MAO-B inhibitor like rasagiline or selegiline
Severe symptoms PD tx - ANSWER//levodopa + carbodopa or dopamine
agonist PD tx for improving motor function - ANSWER//levodopa PD tx for
drug induced dyskinesias - ANSWER//dopamine agonist COMT inhibitor -
ANSWER//Entacapone (Comtan). added to levo/carbidopa to increase levo
concentrations & extend half life & decrease wearing off time Pramipexole
side effects - ANSWER//impulse control disorders, combined with levodopa
causes orthostatic hypotension and dyskinesias Pregabalin -
ANSWER//Safest medication for seizure patients on OC Phenytoin -
ANSWER//can decrease effects of OCs, warfarin and glucocorticoids
Migraine tx 1st line - ANSWER//serotonin 1b/1d receptor agonists (triptans)
First line migraine prevention - ANSWER//propanolol Divalproex -
ANSWER//antiepileptic med reduce migraine attacks. Contraindicated in
pregnancy Amitriptyline - ANSWER//tricyclic antidepressant. Can prevent
migraine/tension type headache. Orthostatic hypotension Preventative
migraine meds - ANSWER//propanolol, divalproex and amitriptyline Abortive
migraine meds - ANSWER//non specific NSAIDs, migraine specific analgesics,
ergot alkaloids, dihydroergotamine Non-specific NSAIDS - ANSWER//aspirin,
naproxen, diclofenac and metoclopramide. Combos of acetaminophen
+aspirin + caffeine Butorphanol nasal spray - ANSWER//opioid analgesic for
migraine Migraine specific analgesics - ANSWER//SS 1b/1d receptor
angonists (triptans) Triptans MOA - ANSWER//constrict intracranial blood
vessels and suppress release of inflammatory neuropeptides Sumatriptan
contraindications - ANSWER//contraindicated in pts with hx of ischemic HD,
MI, uncontrolled HTN or other heart dz. Avoid in pregnancy Ergot Alkaloids
and dihydroergotamine - ANSWER//2nd line therapy after 1st doesnt work
Pramipexole can cause - ANSWER//sleep attacks (overwhelming and
irresistible sleepiness) screening before pramipexol prescribing -
ANSWER//compulsive behaviors Parkinsons disease - ANSWER//underlying
cause of motor symptoms is loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia
nigra cardinal symptoms PD - ANSWER//resting tremor, rigidity, postural
instability, slowed movement Levodopa - ANSWER//most effective med for
Parkinsons Additions to levodopa - ANSWER//dopamine agonists, MAOB
inhibitors, COMT inhibitors, Amantadine and anticholinergics Amantadine
, (symmetrel) - ANSWER//NMDA receptor antagonist. Effective as
monotherapy and adjunct therapy for off times and dyskinesia Gocovir -
ANSWER//extended release amantadine. Used for dyskinesias Benztropine
(Cogentin) - ANSWER//minimizes resting tremor and drooling but not as
efficacious as other meds in treating rigidity, bradykinesia and gait problems
Rivastigimine (Exelon) transdermal patch - ANSWER//used for dementia
associated with parkinsons disease Alzheimers disease -
ANSWER//progressive memory loss and decreased brain function from
protein deposits in the brain impairing function of neurons causing them to
lose connection with other brain cells and die major pathologic findings -
ANSWER//cerebral atrophy, degeneration of cholinergic neurons, neuritic
plaques and neurofibrillary tangles hippocampus - ANSWER//memory
cerebral cortex - ANSWER//central to speech, perception, reasoning and
other higher functions B-Amyloid Neuritic plaques - ANSWER//spherical
bodies of neuritic plaques made up of beta amyloid. B amyloid found in high
levels in AD patients and can occur 10-20 years before first symptoms appear
Memantine - ANSWER//used to treat severe dementia/AD and reduces
actions of chemicals in the brain contributing to AD. use in caution w pts hx of
cardiovascular dz, hepatic/renal impairment or ophthalmic dz Donepezil
(Aricept) - ANSWER//tx moderate to severe AD. Cholinesterase inhibitors -
ANSWER//donepezil, rivastigimine and galantamine NMDA antagonist -
ANSWER//memantine Bipolar dz treatment (other drugs) -
ANSWER//anticonvulsants, clonazepam, lorazepam, oxcarbazepine,
antidepressants, mood stabilizers and antipsychotics Mood stabilizers -
ANSWER//lithium and divalproex sodium Divalproex Sodium (Valproate) -
ANSWER//controls sx in acute manic episodes and can help prevent relapse
into mania. Teratogen and can cause thrombocytopenia, pancreatitis and liver
failure Carbamezepine (Tegretol, Equetro) - ANSWER//approved for tx and
prevention of manic episodes. Neuro side effects-- visual disturbances, ataxia,
vertigo, unsteadiness, headache Lithium - ANSWER//drug of choice for
controlling manic episodes and for long term ppx against recurrence of mania
or depression. monitoring is mandatory Lithium can accumulate to toxic levels
in what sodium level... - ANSWER//LOW SODIUM. edu patients to maintain
normal sodium intake Diuretics and lithium - ANSWER//these promote sodium
loss and can increase r/f lithium toxicity NSAIDs and lithium -
ANSWER//increase lithium levels by 60% NSAIDs to prescribe when on
lithium if necessary - ANSWER//aspirin or sulindac bc they do not increase
levels Lithium drug interactions - ANSWER//diruetics, NSAIDs and
anticholinergics Anticholinergics and lithium - ANSWER//cause urinary
hesitancy + lithium induced polyuria which can cause discomfort. AVOID
antihistamines, phenothiazine, antipsychotics and TCAs Lithium level
monitoring - ANSWER//measure levels every 2-3 days during initial therapy
and every 3-6 months during maintenance. Serum levels checked 5 days after
any dosage change and 6 months thereafter LIthium can be toxic to what
other organs - ANSWER//renal and thyroid. Check renal/thyroid function every
6 months SSRIs for MDD - ANSWER//fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram,
fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline Adverse effects of Venlafaxine -
ANSWER//nausea, HA, anorexia, nervousness, sweating, somnolence,
insomnia, dose related sustained diastolic HTN, mydriasis, sexual dysfunction.
Venlafaxine drug interaction - ANSWER//combo with MAOI is contraindicated.
