A 3-day old infant is noted to have a mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin level and icterus.
Your concern is that this child may have:
a. physiologic jaundice
b. kernicterus
c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
d. pathologic jaundice - ANSWER physiologic jaundice
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell in-
jury?
a. lysosomes
b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi
c reticulum
d. golgi complex - ANSWER Lysosomes
Ans: B- peroxisomes - ANSWER Which component of the cell produces hydrogen perox-
ide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxida-
tive reaction?
A) lysosomes
B) peroxisomes
C) ribosomes
D) oxyhydrosomes
The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes:
1
,a. all of these answers are correct
b. are smaller in size
c. contain organelles
d. have no nuclear membrane - ANSWER Contain organelles and complex internal mem-
branes
Ans: B- influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production - ANSWER
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?
A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthese
B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production
D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure
Which of the following is function of Golgi?
a. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
b. Produces ATP for cell function
c. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
d. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell - ANSWER Packages protein for secretion to the
outside of the cell
Ans: A- apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells - ANSWER
Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of apoptosis?
A) apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells
B) apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the nucleus and the cytoplasm
C) apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death
D) apoptosis results in benign malignancies
2
,Ans: C- the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell
membrane - ANSWER During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into
the cell because:
A) during cell injury cause by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:
B) the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels
C) the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell mem-
brane
D) oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell
Which of the following is function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
b. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
c. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
d. Produces ATP for cell function - ANSWER Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
Ans: A- adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling - ANSWER Obesity
creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:
A) adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling
B) the metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults
C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than thos of lean adults
D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively
What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a pair
of identical twins?
a. genomic imprinting
b. epigenetic modifications
3
, c. methylation
d. transgenerational inheritance - ANSWER Epigenetic modifications
Transcription is best defined as a process by which
a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence
b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA.
c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis
d. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template - ANSWER RNA is synthesized from a DNA
template
What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a. paternal translocation
b. paternal viral illness
c. nondisjunction error
d. maternal viral illness - ANSWER nondisjunction error
A person with XXXY has the genetic disorder called __________ syndrome.
a. down
b. fragile x
c. klinefelter
d. turner - ANSWER klinefelter
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an __________________ gene.
a. x-linked dominant
b. autosomal recessive
c. autosomal dominant
d. x-linked recessive - ANSWER autosomal recessive
4
Your concern is that this child may have:
a. physiologic jaundice
b. kernicterus
c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
d. pathologic jaundice - ANSWER physiologic jaundice
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell in-
jury?
a. lysosomes
b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi
c reticulum
d. golgi complex - ANSWER Lysosomes
Ans: B- peroxisomes - ANSWER Which component of the cell produces hydrogen perox-
ide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxida-
tive reaction?
A) lysosomes
B) peroxisomes
C) ribosomes
D) oxyhydrosomes
The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes:
1
,a. all of these answers are correct
b. are smaller in size
c. contain organelles
d. have no nuclear membrane - ANSWER Contain organelles and complex internal mem-
branes
Ans: B- influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production - ANSWER
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?
A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthese
B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production
D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure
Which of the following is function of Golgi?
a. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
b. Produces ATP for cell function
c. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
d. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell - ANSWER Packages protein for secretion to the
outside of the cell
Ans: A- apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells - ANSWER
Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of apoptosis?
A) apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells
B) apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the nucleus and the cytoplasm
C) apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death
D) apoptosis results in benign malignancies
2
,Ans: C- the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell
membrane - ANSWER During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into
the cell because:
A) during cell injury cause by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:
B) the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels
C) the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell mem-
brane
D) oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell
Which of the following is function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
b. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
c. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
d. Produces ATP for cell function - ANSWER Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
Ans: A- adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling - ANSWER Obesity
creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:
A) adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling
B) the metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults
C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than thos of lean adults
D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively
What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a pair
of identical twins?
a. genomic imprinting
b. epigenetic modifications
3
, c. methylation
d. transgenerational inheritance - ANSWER Epigenetic modifications
Transcription is best defined as a process by which
a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence
b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA.
c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis
d. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template - ANSWER RNA is synthesized from a DNA
template
What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a. paternal translocation
b. paternal viral illness
c. nondisjunction error
d. maternal viral illness - ANSWER nondisjunction error
A person with XXXY has the genetic disorder called __________ syndrome.
a. down
b. fragile x
c. klinefelter
d. turner - ANSWER klinefelter
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an __________________ gene.
a. x-linked dominant
b. autosomal recessive
c. autosomal dominant
d. x-linked recessive - ANSWER autosomal recessive
4
