A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will
facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANSWER Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action po-
tential? - ANSWER Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing
the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal
which of the following? - ANSWER Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse
looking for? - ANSWER Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of
the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANSWER An-
swer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol? - ANSWER Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the
erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibro-
sis is caused by an _____ gene - ANSWER Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ANSWER An-
swer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
1
, The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: - AN-
SWER Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ANSWER An-
swer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? -
ANSWER Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed
to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent
homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include
a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body
hair. - ANSWER Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the
genetic information be contained? - ANSWER Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the
nurse describing? - ANSWER Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this
disease is associated with: - ANSWER Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best re-
sponse? - ANSWER Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - ANSWER Answer: Provide growth fac-
tor for tissue growth and development
2
facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANSWER Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action po-
tential? - ANSWER Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing
the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal
which of the following? - ANSWER Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse
looking for? - ANSWER Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of
the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANSWER An-
swer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol? - ANSWER Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the
erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibro-
sis is caused by an _____ gene - ANSWER Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ANSWER An-
swer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
1
, The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: - AN-
SWER Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ANSWER An-
swer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? -
ANSWER Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed
to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent
homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include
a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body
hair. - ANSWER Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the
genetic information be contained? - ANSWER Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the
nurse describing? - ANSWER Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this
disease is associated with: - ANSWER Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best re-
sponse? - ANSWER Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - ANSWER Answer: Provide growth fac-
tor for tissue growth and development
2
